多线程学习-数据同步

1. 同步代码块

  1. 使用synchronized + 一个对象,锁定代码块,保证线程的安全性。

2. 同步方法

  1. 修饰在方法上的,锁为this。
  2. 同样的this作用在不同的方法上,必须得等待一个方法的完成(锁的释放),才能执行另外一个方法。
  3. 静态方法,加的是class锁(当前类)。
public class ThreadMethod {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThisLock thisLock = new ThisLock();
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                thisLock.method1();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });

        thread1.start();

        Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                thisLock.method2();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });

        thread2.start();
    }
}

class ThisLock{

    public synchronized void method1() throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("method1");
        Thread.sleep(10000);
    }

    public synchronized void method2() throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("method2");
        Thread.sleep(10000);
    }
}

3. 线程死锁

  1. 死锁产生的原因: 两个线程先得到了各自需要的锁, 当需要其它的锁时,发现锁被其它线程lock, 只能一直等待, 所以, 产生了死锁.

  2. 查看死锁:

    1. jps 显示所有的进程id.
    2. jstack pid: 可以查看到线程的执行情况.
  3. 案列分析

public class DeadLock {

    private final Object lock = new Object();

    private OtherService otherService;

    public DeadLock(OtherService otherService) {        
    	this.otherService = otherService;
    }
    
    public void s1() {
        synchronized (lock) {
            while (true) {
                System.out.println("s1");
            }        
         }
    }

    public void s2() {
        synchronized (lock) {
            while (true) {
                System.out.println("s2");
                otherService.m1();
            }       
        }
    }
}


public class OtherService {

    private final Object lock = new Object();

    private DeadLock deadLock;

    public void m1() {        
    synchronized (lock) {
            while (true) {
                System.out.println("m1");
            }        
        }
    }

    public void setDeadLock(DeadLock lock) {
        this.deadLock = lock;
    }
    public void m2() {
        synchronized (lock) {
            while (true) {
                System.out.println("m2");
                deadLock.s1();
            }       
       }
    }
}

public class DeadLockDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        OtherService otherService = new OtherService();
        DeadLock deadLock = new DeadLock(otherService);
        otherService.setDeadLock(deadLock);
		
		/**
		 * 1. otherService调用m1方法, 获得了OtherService中lock的锁.
		 * 2. otherService的m1方法, 调用了DeadLock的s2方法.
		 * 3. 而DeadLock的s2方法需要DeadLock的锁.
		 * 4. 但是DeadLock的锁, 已经被DeadLock的s2方法占用了.
		 * 5. 所有两个线程都在占用着对方需要的锁.
		 * 6. 所以造成了死锁.
		 */
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> otherService.m2());
        thread1.start();

        Thread thread12 = new Thread(() -> deadLock.s2());
        thread12.start();
    }
}

4. 生产消费者(单个生产者, 单个消费者)

public class ProduceConsumeV1 {

    private int i = 0;

    private volatile boolean isProduce = false;

    private final Object lock = new Object();


    public void produce() throws InterruptedException { //生产数据
        synchronized (lock) {            
        if (isProduce) { // 存在生产数据, 等待消费
                lock.wait();
            } else { // 不存在生产数据, 生产数据; 唤醒消费线程, 进行消费.
                System.out.println("p---> " + ++i);
                lock.notify();
                isProduce = true; // 修改是否生产标识.
            }       
       }
    }

    public void consume() throws InterruptedException { //消费数据
        synchronized (lock) {           
         if (isProduce) { //存在生产好的数据, 进行消费; 消费完, 唤醒生产线程, 生产数据
                System.out.println("C---> " + i);
                lock.notify();
                isProduce = false;  // 修改是否生产标识.
            } else {               
             lock.wait();
            }        
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ProduceConsumeV1 pc = new ProduceConsumeV1();
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {            
        while (true) {
                try {
                    pc.produce();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {                    
                e.printStackTrace();
                }           
            }
        }, "P");

        thread1.start();

        Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {            
        while (true) {
                try {
                    pc.consume();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {                    
                e.printStackTrace();
                }            
            }
        }, "C");

        thread2.start();
    }
}

5. 多生产者多消费者

public class ProduceConsumeV2 {

    private int i = 0;

    private volatile boolean isProduce = false;

    private final Object lock = new Object();

    public void produce() throws InterruptedException { //生产数据
        synchronized (lock) {            
        while (isProduce) { // 存在生产数据, 等待消费;
                lock.wait();    // 使用while的目的, 若存在多个生产者wait.被消费者全部唤醒之后,
                                // 顺序往下执行, 可能会出现生产多次, 或者消费多次的情况.
            }
            // 不存在生产数据, 生产数据; 唤醒消费线程, 进行消费.
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "p---> " + ++i);
            lock.notifyAll();
            isProduce = true; // 修改是否生产标识.
        }    
   }

    public void consume() throws InterruptedException { //消费数据
        synchronized (lock) {
            while (!isProduce) {
                lock.wait();
            }

            //存在生产好的数据, 进行消费; 消费完, 唤醒生产线程, 生产数据
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "C---> " + i);
            lock.notifyAll();
            isProduce = false;  // 修改是否生产标识.

            lock.wait();
        }    
   }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ProduceConsumeV2 pc = new ProduceConsumeV2();
        Stream.of("P1", "P2", "P3").forEach(n ->                
        new Thread(n) {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {                        
                    while (true) {
                            try {
                                pc.produce();
                                Thread.sleep(10);
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) { 
                               e.printStackTrace();                           				                                                        
                            }                        
                        }
                    }
                }.start()
        );

        Stream.of("C1", "C2", "C3", "C4").forEach(n ->                
        new Thread(n) {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {                        
                    while (true) {
                            try {
                                pc.consume();
                                Thread.sleep(10);
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                                    e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                          }
                    }
                }.start()
        );
    }
}

6. Sleep和Wait的区别

  1. sleep 是Thread类的方法,wait是Object的方法。
  2. sleep不会释放锁;wait会释放锁,并且加入到这个lock的等待队列中,以等待被唤醒。
  3. 使用sleep不需要定义synchronize;wait需要定义专门的synchronize。
  4. sleep不需要使用notify唤醒;wait需要被唤醒,除去wait(Timeout);

7. 自定义Lock锁

  1. 背景: 直接使用Synchronized, 若一个任务执行时间过长, 造成其它线程全部block住, 阻塞住, 没办法往下面执行
/**
 * 1. 定义线程block超时异常.
 */
public class TimeOutException extends Exception {

    public TimeOutException(String msg) {
        super(msg);
    }
}


/**
 * 2. 定义一个Lock接口.
 * 目的: 当synchronized多个线程在抢锁的时候,
 * 未抢到锁的线程会一直block, 阻塞等待获取到线程执行权的机会。
 * 也无法打断等待.
 */
public interface MyLock {

    void lock() throws InterruptedException;

    /**
     * 等待mills, 还是没有获得锁, 就抛出TimeOutException.
     *
     * @param mills: 最大获取锁时长
     * @throws InterruptedException
     * @throws TimeOutException
     */
    void lock(Long mills) throws InterruptedException, TimeOutException;

    void unlock();

    // 被block住的线程集合.
    Collection<Thread> getBlockThread();

    int getBlockThreadSize();
}


/**
 * 3. 实现Lock接口. 
 */
public class BooleanLock implements MyLock {

    private Collection<Thread> blockThread = new ArrayList<>();

    // lock -> true
    // unLock -> false
    private boolean initValue;

    private Thread currentThread;

    public BooleanLock() {
        this.initValue = false;
    }

    @Override
    public synchronized void lock() throws InterruptedException {
        while (initValue) {
            blockThread.add(Thread.currentThread());
            this.wait();
        }

        /**
         * 因为你已经获取到锁了, 所以从block队列中移除你.
         */
        currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
        blockThread.remove(this);
        this.initValue = true;
    }

    @Override
    public synchronized void lock(Long mills) throws InterruptedException, TimeOutException {
        if(mills <= 0) {
            lock();
        }

        long hasRemaining = mills;
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + mills;
        while (initValue) {
            if (hasRemaining <= 0) {

                throw new TimeOutException(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is time out!");
            }

            blockThread.add(Thread.currentThread());
            this.wait(mills);
            hasRemaining = endTime - System.currentTimeMillis();
        }

        currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
        blockThread.remove(this);
        this.initValue = true;
    }

    @Override
    public synchronized void unlock() {
        // 保证只有自己unlock才能unlock掉; 不能其它的线程unlock掉不属于自己的线程
        if (currentThread == Thread.currentThread()) {
            this.initValue = false;
            Optional.of(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "释放锁")
                    .ifPresent(System.out::println);
            // 因为其它线程已经block住, 需要你完成了自己的任务的时候;
            // 让其它的线程去唤醒, 获取执行权.
            this.notifyAll();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Collection<Thread> getBlockThread() {
        // 防止数据被修改, unmodifiableCollection使得数据不可被修改.
        return Collections.unmodifiableCollection(blockThread);
    }

    @Override
    public int getBlockThreadSize() {
        return blockThread.size();
    }
}

/**
 * 4. 测试Lock锁的功能.
 */
public class LockTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final BooleanLock booleanLock = new BooleanLock();

        Stream.of("T1", "T2", "T3").forEach(item -> {
            new Thread(() -> {
                try {
                    booleanLock.lock(500L);
                    work();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (TimeOutException e) {
                    Optional.of(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is time out")
                            .ifPresent(System.out::println);
                } finally {
                    // 保证不管是否发生异常, 都能正常释放锁.
                    booleanLock.unlock();
                }
            }, item).start();
        });
    }

    private static void work() throws InterruptedException {
        Optional.of(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is working....")
                .ifPresent(System.out::println);
        Thread.sleep(1_0000);
    }

8. Runtime Hook(系统钩子)

  1. 背景:当系统停止时,执行一些操作。比如, 使用RPC发送一些数据.
/**
 * RunTime 程序停止hook(钩子)
 */
public class RunTimeDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 当服务停止的时候, 会调用此hook.
        // kill -9 是强制杀死进程, 无法调用hook. 因此当我们是在使用其它的一些服务器的时候, 也注意不要使用
        // kill -9; 因为服务器可能存在一些hook, 保存服务器停止的一些数据; 强制停止, 可能会造成一些数据的丢失等等
        Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(() -> {
            notifyShutDown();
        }));

        int index = 0;
        while (true) {

            try {
                Thread.sleep(1_000);
                System.out.println("It is working.....");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            if (index++ > 20) {
                throw new RuntimeException("Error");
            }

        }

    }

    // 在这里可以对于服务发生的错误, 通过RPC远程调用发送给对方服务.
    private static void notifyShutDown() {
        System.out.println("服务停止.......");
    }
}

9. 捕获线程中发生的异常

  1. 背景:在线程中的run方法中,只能捕获异常,不能抛出异常;因此,无法获取到程序抛出的异常。
public class ThreadExceptionDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1_000);
                throw new ServiceException("线程异常");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                
            	e.printStackTrace();
            } 
        });

        // 得到线程出错的异常信息.
        // 此代码无所谓放在start之前还是之后; 但是为了更加可读,建议放置在前面;先准备好相应的操作,再启动;
        t.setUncaughtExceptionHandler((thread, e) -> {   
        	System.out.println(e); 
            System.out.println(thread);
        });

        t.start();
    }
}

10. 获取堆栈信息

public class ThreadStackTraceDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Test1().test();
    }
 }

class Test1 {

    private Test2 test2 = new Test2();

    public void test() {        
        test2.test();
     }
 }

class Test2 {
    public void test() {
        Arrays.asList(Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()).stream()
                .filter(s -> !s.isNativeMethod())
                .forEach(e -> Optional.of(e.getClassName() + ":" + e.getMethodName() + ":" + e.getLineNumber()).ifPresent(System.out::println));
    }
}

11. Thread Group

  1. 基础知识

    1. 每个线程都有自己的group,类似线程池,只是,group用于线程数量较少的情况。
    2. Main线程默认加入的是Main group;其它创建的出来的线程,默认,加入group也是Main group;
    3. 创建出来的线程,默认加入的是父线程的Group。
    4. 线程不能对它的父线程组和兄弟线程组进行操作。
  2. 常用API:

    1. enumerate(Thread[] arr, boolean flag): flag为true,会递归获取这个group下所有的线程,包括子group下的;flag为flase表示只获取当前层次和子一级别的线程。
    2. interrupt:打断group及子group中所有的线程。
    3. setDaemon:设置group为守护线程;默认group不会自动释放;设置为Daemon的时候,当group中的最后一个线程执行完成或使用了destory的时候,才会释放。

12. 线程池

  1. 背景:因为大量的创建线程和销毁线程,都需要消耗大量的CPU去做这些事情。而,真正做事情所消耗的时间却很短;因为,为了避免大量的处理线程的创建和销毁,因而,产生了线程池观念。
  2. 核心理念:
    1. 任务队列:用于存放请求的队列。
    2. 拒绝策略(抛出异常,直接丢弃,阻塞,临时队列(根据内存暂时开辟一个空间存储请求,然后,根据任务队列中任务的消费,把临时队列中的请求,放入到任务队列中进行消费)):保证服务能够一直正常运行。太多的请求不加限制,会造成服务器的瘫痪。
    3. 初始线程数。
    4. 活跃线程大小。
    5. 最大线程数。
  3. 简单版线程池实现
    1. 存在的缺陷:没有拒绝策略,不能一直拒绝submit任务到队列中来。
public class ThreadPoolV1 {

    private int size; // 当前线程池大小

    private final static int DEFAULT_SIZE = 10; // 默认线程池大小

    private static volatile int sequence = 0;

    private final static String THREAD_PREFIX = "THREAD_POOL_V1-"; // 线程前缀

    private final static ThreadGroup GROUP = new ThreadGroup("pool_group");

    private final static LinkedList<Runnable> TASK_QUEUE = new LinkedList<>(); //任务队列

    private final static List<WorkerTask> THREAD_QUEUE = new ArrayList<>(); //任务执行队列

    public ThreadPoolV1() {        
    	this(DEFAULT_SIZE);
    }
    public ThreadPoolV1(int size) {
        this.size = size;
        init();
    }
    
    // 初始化线程池
    private void init() {        
    	for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            createWorkTask();
        }    
    }

    /**
     * 创建DEFAULT_SIZE个线程用来执行任务, 一直存在于线程池中.
     */
    private void createWorkTask() {        
    WorkerTask workerTask = new WorkerTask(GROUP, THREAD_PREFIX + (sequence++));
        workerTask.start();
        THREAD_QUEUE.add(workerTask);
    }
    
    /**
     * 1. 把任务加入任务队列中; 但可能任务队列还没有任务时, 执行线程都wait住;
     * 2. 现在有任务了, 需要把执行任务线程唤醒, 去执行任务.
     */
    public void submit(Runnable runnable) {       
     synchronized (TASK_QUEUE) {
            TASK_QUEUE.addLast(runnable);
            TASK_QUEUE.notifyAll();
        }    
    }


    /*============== 线程状态========================*/
    enum TaskState {        
    	FREE, RUNNING, BLOCKED, DEAD
    }
    
    /*============== 执行线程========================*/
    class WorkerTask extends Thread {        
    	private volatile TaskState taskState = TaskState.FREE;

        public WorkerTask(ThreadGroup group, String name) {            
        	super(group, name);
        }
        
        public TaskState getTaskState() {
            return this.taskState;
        }
        
        @Override
        public void run() {            
        	OUTER:
            while (this.taskState != TaskState.DEAD) {
                Runnable runnable;
                synchronized (TASK_QUEUE) {                   
                 while (TASK_QUEUE.isEmpty()) { // 让获得锁的执行线程都wait.
                        try {                           
                         this.taskState = TaskState.BLOCKED;
                            TASK_QUEUE.wait();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {                           
                        	 break OUTER;
                        }                   
                  }

                    runnable = TASK_QUEUE.removeFirst();
                }
                
                if (runnable != null) {
                    this.taskState = TaskState.RUNNING;
                    runnable.run();
                    this.taskState = TaskState.FREE;
                }            
             }
        }

        // 关闭线程
        public void close() {            
        	this.taskState = TaskState.DEAD;
        }    
  }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadPoolV1 threadPoolV1 = new ThreadPoolV1();
        for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) { // 模拟执行40个任务
            threadPoolV1.submit(() -> {                
            	System.out.println("The task " + Thread.currentThread() + "starting");
                try {                    
                	Thread.sleep(1_000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {                    
                	e.printStackTrace();
                }                
                System.out.println("The task " + Thread.currentThread() + "finished");
            });
        }
    }
}
  1. 线程池拒绝策略和关闭线程池
public class ThreadPoolV1 {
    private int size; // 当前线程池大小

    private int taskQueueSize; // 当前线程池大小

    private DiscardPolicy discardPolicy; //默认的拒绝策略

    private final static int DEFAULT_SIZE = 10; // 默认线程池大小

    private final static int DEFAULT_TASK_QUEUE_SIZE = 2000; // 默认任务队列最大长度

    private static volatile int sequence = 0;

    private final static String THREAD_PREFIX = "THREAD_POOL_V1-"; // 线程前缀

    private final static ThreadGroup GROUP = new ThreadGroup("pool_group");

    private final static LinkedList<Runnable> TASK_QUEUE = new LinkedList<>(); //任务队列

    private final static List<WorkerTask> THREAD_QUEUE = new ArrayList<>();

    public final static DiscardPolicy DEFAULT_DISCARD_POLICY = () -> {        throw new DiscardException("拒绝此任务!");
    };

    private volatile boolean destroy = false; //线程池是否被释放.

    public static int getDefaultSize() {        
    	return DEFAULT_SIZE;
    }
    public ThreadPoolV1() {
        this(DEFAULT_SIZE, DEFAULT_TASK_QUEUE_SIZE, DEFAULT_DISCARD_POLICY);
    }
    public ThreadPoolV1(int size, int taskQueueSize, DiscardPolicy discardPolicy) {
        this.size = size;
        this.taskQueueSize = taskQueueSize;
        this.discardPolicy = discardPolicy;
        init();
    }
    // 初始化线程池
    private void init() {        
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            createWorkTask();
        }    
    }

    /**
     * 创建DEFAULT_SIZE个线程用来执行任务, 一直存在于线程池中.
     */
    private void createWorkTask() {        
    	WorkerTask workerTask = new WorkerTask(GROUP, THREAD_PREFIX + (sequence++));
        workerTask.start();
        THREAD_QUEUE.add(workerTask);
    }
    
    /**
     * 1. 判断此线程池是否可用.
     * 2. 当任务队列 > 规定的队列大小时, 拒绝任务加入到队列中.
     * 3. 把任务加入任务队列中; 但可能任务队列还没有任务时, 执行线程都wait住;
     * 4. 现在有任务了, 需要把执行任务线程唤醒, 去执行任务.
     */
    public void submit(Runnable runnable) {        
    	if (destroy) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("线程池已释放, 不可以再放入任务");
        }
        synchronized (TASK_QUEUE) {
            if (TASK_QUEUE.size() > taskQueueSize) {
                discardPolicy.discard();
            }
            TASK_QUEUE.addLast(runnable);
            TASK_QUEUE.notifyAll();
        }    
   }

    public void shutdown() throws InterruptedException {
        while (!TASK_QUEUE.isEmpty()) { //若队列中还存在任务, 等待任务执行.
            Thread.sleep(50);
        }
        int threadQueueSize = THREAD_QUEUE.size();
        while (threadQueueSize > 0) {           
        	 for (WorkerTask task : THREAD_QUEUE) { // 当执行线程为Block的时候, 没有任务需要执行, 可以关闭此执行线程.
                if (task.getTaskState() == TaskState.BLOCKED) { // wait之后调用interrupt会抛出interruptException,
                    task.interrupt(); // 导致此线程的结束.
                    task.close();
                    threadQueueSize--;
                } else {                    
                Thread.sleep(100); 
                }            
            }
        }

        System.out.println("线程池被关闭");
        this.destroy = true;
    }
    public int getSize() {
        return size;
    }
    public int getTaskQueueSize() {
        return taskQueueSize;
    }
    public boolean isDestroy() {
        return destroy;
    }
    /*============== 拒绝策略========================*/
    public static class DiscardException extends RuntimeException {        
    public DiscardException(String message) {
            super(message);
        }   
 }

    public interface DiscardPolicy {
        void discard() throws DiscardException;
    }

    /*============== 线程状态========================*/
    enum TaskState {        FREE, RUNNING, BLOCKED, DEAD
    }
    /*============== 执行线程========================*/
    class WorkerTask extends Thread {        
    	private volatile TaskState taskState = TaskState.FREE;

        public WorkerTask(ThreadGroup group, String name) {           
        	 super(group, name);
        }
        public TaskState getTaskState() {
            return this.taskState;
        }
        @Override
        public void run() {            
        	OUTER:
            while (this.taskState != TaskState.DEAD) {
                Runnable runnable;
                synchronized (TASK_QUEUE) {                    
                	while (TASK_QUEUE.isEmpty()) { // 让获得锁的执行线程都wait.
                        try {                            
                        	this.taskState = TaskState.BLOCKED;
                            TASK_QUEUE.wait();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {                            
                        		break OUTER;  //多重循环,直接使用标记退出循环.
                        }                    
                   }

                    runnable = TASK_QUEUE.removeFirst();
                }
                
                if (runnable != null) {
                    this.taskState = TaskState.RUNNING;
                    runnable.run();
                    this.taskState = TaskState.FREE;
                }            
            }
        }

        // 关闭线程
        public void close() {           
         this.taskState = TaskState.DEAD;
        }    
	}

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//        ThreadPoolV1 threadPoolV1 = new ThreadPoolV1(6, 10, DEFAULT_DISCARD_POLICY); //拒绝策略
        ThreadPoolV1 threadPoolV1 = new ThreadPoolV1();
        for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) { // 模拟执行40个任务
            threadPoolV1.submit(() -> {               
            			 System.out.println("The task " + Thread.currentThread() + "starting");
                try {                    
                	Thread.sleep(1_000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {                    
                	e.printStackTrace();
                }                
				
				System.out.println("The task " + Thread.currentThread() + "finished");
            });

            System.out.println("i: " + i);
        }
        
        Thread.sleep(10_000);
        threadPoolV1.shutdown(); //关闭线程池
    }
 }
  1. 线程池扩容和减少执行线程数量
public class ThreadPoolV1 extends Thread {
    private int size; // 当前线程池大小

    private int taskQueueSize; // 当前线程池大小

    private DiscardPolicy discardPolicy; //默认的拒绝策略

    private final static int DEFAULT_TASK_QUEUE_SIZE = 2000; // 默认任务队列最大长度

    private static volatile int sequence = 0;

    private final static String THREAD_PREFIX = "THREAD_POOL_V1-"; // 线程前缀

    private final static ThreadGroup GROUP = new ThreadGroup("pool_group");

    private final static LinkedList<Runnable> TASK_QUEUE = new LinkedList<>(); //任务队列

    private final static List<WorkerTask> THREAD_QUEUE = new ArrayList<>();

    public final static DiscardPolicy DEFAULT_DISCARD_POLICY = () -> {        throw new DiscardException("拒绝此任务!");
    };

    private volatile boolean destroy = false; //线程池是否被释放.

    private int min; // 线程池最小线程数
    private int max; // 线程池最大线程数
    private int active; // 线程池活跃线程数

    public ThreadPoolV1() {        
    	this(4, 8, 12, DEFAULT_TASK_QUEUE_SIZE, DEFAULT_DISCARD_POLICY);
    }
    
    public ThreadPoolV1(int min, int active, int max, int taskQueueSize, DiscardPolicy discardPolicy) {
        this.taskQueueSize = taskQueueSize;
        this.discardPolicy = discardPolicy;
        this.min = min;
        this.active = active;
        this.max = max;
        init();
    }
    
    // 初始化线程池
    private void init() {        
    	for (int i = 0; i < this.min; i++) { // 初始化线程池, 最开始只创建min个线程.
            createWorkTask();
        }
        this.size = min;
        this.start();
    }
    
    /**
     * 创建DEFAULT_SIZE个线程用来执行任务, 一直存在于线程池中.
     */
    private void createWorkTask() {        
    	WorkerTask workerTask = new WorkerTask(GROUP, THREAD_PREFIX + (sequence++));
        workerTask.start();
        THREAD_QUEUE.add(workerTask);
    }
    
    /**
     * 1. 判断此线程池是否可用.
     * 2. 当任务队列 > 规定的队列大小时, 拒绝任务加入到队列中.
     * 3. 把任务加入任务队列中; 但可能任务队列还没有任务时, 执行线程都wait住;
     * 4. 现在有任务了, 需要把执行任务线程唤醒, 去执行任务.
     */
    public void submit(Runnable runnable) {       
    	 if (destroy) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("线程池已释放, 不可以再放入任务");
        }
        
        synchronized (TASK_QUEUE) {
            if (TASK_QUEUE.size() > taskQueueSize) {
                discardPolicy.discard();
            }
            
            TASK_QUEUE.addLast(runnable);
            TASK_QUEUE.notifyAll();
        }    
    }

    public void shutdown() throws InterruptedException {
        while (!TASK_QUEUE.isEmpty()) { //若队列中还存在任务, 等待任务执行.
            Thread.sleep(50);
        }

        synchronized (THREAD_QUEUE) {
            int threadQueueSize = THREAD_QUEUE.size();
            while (threadQueueSize > 0) {                
            	for (WorkerTask task : THREAD_QUEUE) { // 当执行线程为Block的时候, 没有任务需要执行, 可以关闭此执行线程.
                    if (task.getTaskState() == TaskState.BLOCKED) { // wait之后调用interrupt会抛出interruptException,
                        task.interrupt(); // 导致此线程的结束.
                        task.close();
                        threadQueueSize--;
                    } else {                        
                    	Thread.sleep(100);
                    }                
                }
            }
        }

        System.out.println("线程池被关闭");
        this.destroy = true;
    }
    public int getSize() {
        return size;
    }
    public int getTaskQueueSize() {
        return taskQueueSize;
    }
    public boolean isDestroy() {
        return destroy;
    }
    public int getMin() {
        return min;
    }
    public int getMax() {
        return max;
    }
    public int getActive() {
        return active;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {        
    	while (!isDestroy()) {
            System.out.printf("Pool min: %d, active: %d, max: %d, current: %d, queueSize:%d\n",
                    this.min, this.active, this.max, this.size, TASK_QUEUE.size());

            try {                
            	Thread.sleep(5_000L);
                // 对执行线程扩容
                if (TASK_QUEUE.size() > active && size < active) {                    
                // 若任务队列大于active, 且当前线程数小于active.
                    // 说明: 任务多余active, 有必要扩容.
                    for (; this.size < this.active; this.size++) {                        
                    	createWorkTask();
                    }                    
                    	System.out.println("线程池扩容至Active");
                } else if (TASK_QUEUE.size() > max && size < max) {                    
                	// 若任务队列大于active, 且当前线程数大于active.
                    // 说明: 任务多余active, 有必要扩容.
                    for (; this.size < this.max; this.size++) {                        
                    		createWorkTask();
                    }       
						System.out.println("线程池扩容至Max");
                }
                // 对线程池减少执行线程数量
                synchronized (THREAD_QUEUE) {                    
                		if (TASK_QUEUE.isEmpty() && size > active) {
                        int releaseSize = size - active;
                        Iterator<WorkerTask> iterator = THREAD_QUEUE.iterator();
                        while (iterator.hasNext()) {                            
                        	if (releaseSize <= 0) {
                                break;
                            }
                            WorkerTask task = iterator.next();
                            task.close();
                            task.interrupt();
                            iterator.remove();
                            releaseSize--;
                        }
                        size = active;
                    }                
                 }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }        
	    }
    }

    /*============== 拒绝策略========================*/
    public static class DiscardException extends RuntimeException {        
    	public DiscardException(String message) {
            super(message);
        	}    
	}

    public interface DiscardPolicy {
        void discard() throws DiscardException;
    }

    /*============== 线程状态========================*/
    enum TaskState {        
    	FREE, RUNNING, BLOCKED, DEAD
    }
    /*============== 执行线程========================*/
    class WorkerTask extends Thread {        
    	private volatile TaskState taskState = TaskState.FREE;

        public WorkerTask(ThreadGroup group, String name) {           
        	 super(group, name);
        }
        public TaskState getTaskState() {
            return this.taskState;
        }
        @Override
        public void run() {            
        	OUTER:
            while (this.taskState != TaskState.DEAD) {
                Runnable runnable;
                synchronized (TASK_QUEUE) {                    
                	while (TASK_QUEUE.isEmpty()) { // 让获得锁的执行线程都wait.
                        try {                            
                        	this.taskState = TaskState.BLOCKED;
                            TASK_QUEUE.wait();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {                            		System.out.println("Closed.");
                            break OUTER;
                        }                    
                    }

                    runnable = TASK_QUEUE.removeFirst();
                }
                if (runnable != null) {
                    this.taskState = TaskState.RUNNING;
                    runnable.run();
                    this.taskState = TaskState.FREE;
                }            }
        }

        // 关闭线程
        public void close() {            
        	this.taskState = TaskState.DEAD;
        }    
     }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//        ThreadPoolV1 threadPoolV1 = new ThreadPoolV1(6, 10, DEFAULT_DISCARD_POLICY); //拒绝策略
        ThreadPoolV1 threadPoolV1 = new ThreadPoolV1();
        for (int i = 0; i < 80; i++) { // 模拟执行80个任务
            threadPoolV1.submit(() -> {                
            			System.out.println("The task " + Thread.currentThread() + "starting");
                try {                    
                		Thread.sleep(1_000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {                    
                		e.printStackTrace();
                }               
				 System.out.println("The task " + Thread.currentThread() + "finished");
            });
        }
        Thread.sleep(10000);
        threadPoolV1.shutdown(); //关闭线程池
    }}
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