文章目录
来源于how2j
利用Servlet+JDBC完成一个CRUD的项目
项目结构
HeroDao层
- 在构造函数中初始化jdbc驱动类
- 将连接数据库的代码抽出来为getConnection
- Dao层逻辑通过ResultSet接受返回值
- DAO层代码
public class HeroDAO {
public HeroDAO() {
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/how2java?characterEncoding=UTF-8", "root",
"admin");
}
public int getTotal() {
int total = 0;
try (Connection c = getConnection(); Statement s = c.createStatement();) {
String sql = "select count(*) from hero";
ResultSet rs = s.executeQuery(sql);
while (rs.next()) {
total = rs.getInt(1);
}
System.out.println("total:" + total);
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return total;
}
public void add(Hero hero) {
String sql = "insert into hero values(null,?,?,?)";
try (Connection c = getConnection(); PreparedStatement ps = c.prepareStatement(sql);) {
ps.setString(1, hero.name);
ps.setFloat(2, hero.hp);
ps.setInt(3, hero.damage);
ps.execute();
ResultSet rs = ps.getGeneratedKeys();
if (rs.next()) {
int id = rs.getInt(1);
hero.id = id;
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void update(Hero hero) {
String sql = "update hero set name= ?, hp = ? , damage = ? where id = ?";
try (Connection c = getConnection(); PreparedStatement ps = c.prepareStatement(sql);) {
ps.setString(1, hero.name);
ps.setFloat(2, hero.hp);
ps.setInt(3, hero.damage);
ps.setInt(4, hero.id);
ps.execute();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void delete(int id) {
System.out.println("delete start");
try (Connection c = getConnection(); Statement s = c.createStatement();) {
String sql = "delete from hero where id = " + id;
s.execute(sql);
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("delete done");
}
public Hero get(int id) {
Hero hero = null;
try (Connection c = getConnection(); Statement s = c.createStatement();) {
String sql = "select * from hero where id = " + id;
ResultSet rs = s.executeQuery(sql);
if (rs.next()) {
hero = new Hero();
String name = rs.getString(2);
float hp = rs.getFloat("hp");
int damage = rs.getInt(4);
hero.name = name;
hero.hp = hp;
hero.damage = damage;
hero.id = id;
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return hero;
}
public List<Hero> list() {
return list(0, Short.MAX_VALUE);
}
public List<Hero> list(int start, int count) {
List<Hero> heros = new ArrayList<Hero>();
String sql = "select * from hero order by id desc limit ?,? ";
try (Connection c = getConnection(); PreparedStatement ps = c.prepareStatement(sql);) {
ps.setInt(1, start);
ps.setInt(2, count);
ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
while (rs.next()) {
Hero hero = new Hero();
int id = rs.getInt(1);
String name = rs.getString(2);
float hp = rs.getFloat("hp");
int damage = rs.getInt(4);
hero.id = id;
hero.name = name;
hero.hp = hp;
hero.damage = damage;
heros.add(hero);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return heros;
}
}
HeroListServlet逻辑
- 页面效果：
- web.xml
所以访问的http://localhost/listHero - Servlet代码：
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
List<Hero> heros = new HeroDAO().list();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append("<table align='center' border='1' cellspacing='0'>\r\n");
sb.append("<tr><td>id</td><td>name</td><td>hp</td><td>damage</td><td>edit</td><td>delete</td></tr>\r\n");
// a href ='editHero?id=%d'即向editHero对应的servlet发送请求，request name = id ，
//delete同理
String trFormat = "<tr><td>%d</td><td>%s</td><td>%f</td><td>%d</td><td><a href='editHero?id=%d'>edit</a></td><td><a href='deleteHero?id=%d'>delete</a></td></tr>\r\n";
for (Hero hero : heros) {
String tr = String.format(trFormat, hero.getId(), hero.getName(), hero.getHp(), hero.getDamage(),hero.getId(),hero.getId());
sb.append(tr);
}
sb.append("</table>");
response.getWriter().write(sb.toString());
}
<a href='editHero?id=%d'>edit</a></td><td>- 先通过
找到对应servlet - HeroEditServlet代码：
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
int id = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id"));
Hero hero = new HeroDAO().get(id);
StringBuffer format = new StringBuffer();
response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
format.append("<!DOCTYPE html>");
format.append("<form action='updateHero' method='post'>");
format.append("名字 ： <input type='text' name='name' value='%s' > <br>");
format.append("血量 ： <input type='text' name='hp' value='%f' > <br>");
format.append("伤害： <input type='text' name='damage' value='%d' > <br>");
format.append("<input type='hidden' name='id' value='%d'>");
format.append("<input type='submit' value='更新'>");
format.append("</form>");
String html = String.format(format.toString(), hero.getName(), hero.getHp(), hero.getDamage(), hero.getId());
response.getWriter().write(html);
}
- 用request.getParameter取出id，再调用dao层，再通过response返回一个html界面
- 对应的
<form action='updateHero' method='post'>向updateHero提交一个Post请求：
- HeroUpdateServlet代码：
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
Hero hero = new Hero();
hero.setId(Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id")));
hero.setName(request.getParameter("name"));
hero.setHp(Float.parseFloat(request.getParameter("hp")));
hero.setDamage(Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("damage")));
new HeroDAO().update(hero);
response.sendRedirect("/listHero");
}
-
调用Dao层更新数据后，
response.sendRedirect("/listHero");重定向到页面listHero，更新了数据 -
<a href='deleteHero?id=%d'>delete</a>同理，先去找delete对应的servlet
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
int id = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id"));
new HeroDAO().delete(id);
response.sendRedirect("/listHero");
}
- 调用dao后，ListHero
Servlet与JSON交互
向Servlet提交数据
效果：
-
用AJAX以JSON方式提交数据
- submit.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <title>用AJAX以JSON方式提交数据</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <form > 名称：<input type="text" id="name"/><br/> 血量：<input type="text" id="hp"/><br/> <input type="button" value="提交" id="sender"> </form> <div id="messageDiv"></div> <script> $('#sender').click(function(){ var name=document.getElementById('name').value; var hp=document.getElementById('hp').value; var hero={"name":name,"hp":hp}; var url="submitServlet"; $.post( url, {"data":JSON.stringify(hero)}, function(data) { alert("提交成功，请在Tomcat控制台查看服务端接收到的数据"); }); }); </script> </body> </body> </html>-
点击提交之后，把form中的数据取出来，组织成json的格式，用ajax发送出去。
-
这里用的ajax方式是 jquery的post函数, 请参考：使用post方式提交ajax
-
JSON.stringify函数的作用是将一个javascript对象，转换为JSON格式的字符串。
-
提交之后，将会看到如图所示的对话框:
-
Servlet把JSON字符串转换为Hero对象
- 获取浏览器提交的字符串
- 把字符串转换为JSON对象
- 把JSON对象转换为Hero对象
- SubmitServlet.java:
import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import net.sf.json.JSONObject; public class SubmitServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { String data =request.getParameter("data"); System.out.println("服务端接收到的数据是：" +data); JSONObject json=JSONObject.fromObject(data); System.out.println("转换为JSON对象之后是："+ json); Hero hero = (Hero)JSONObject.toBean(json,Hero.class); System.out.println("转换为Hero对象之后是："+hero); } }- 将JSON字符串转化为JSON对象，再转换为Hero对象
从Servlet获取一个对象
效果：
->
-
http://localhost/getOne.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>用AJAX以JSON方式获取数据</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="jquery.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" value="通过AJAX获取一个Hero对象" id="sender">
<div id="messageDiv"></div>
<script>
$('#sender').click(function(){
var url="getOneServlet";
$.post(
url,
function(data) {
var json=JSON.parse(data);
var name =json.hero.name;
var hp = json.hero.hp;
$("#messageDiv").html("英雄名称："+name + "<br>英雄血量:" +hp );
});
});
</script>
</body>
</body>
</html>
- 点击按钮之后，通过ajax访问getOneServlet;
var url="getOneServlet"; - 获取都数据后，通过JSON.parse 转换为json对象
var json=JSON.parse(data); - 获取name和hp
- 显示在div里
- GetOneServlet.java
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
public class GetOneServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
Hero hero = new Hero();
hero.setName("盖伦");
hero.setHp(353);
JSONObject json= new JSONObject();
json.put("hero", JSONObject.fromObject(hero));
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().print(json);
}
}
- 创建一个Hero对象
- 创建一个JSONObject 对象
- 把Hero对象转换为JSONObject 对象，并放在上一个JSONObject对象上，key是"hero"
- 设置编码方式为UTF-8
- 通过response返回
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