C++运算符重载

运算符重载

：对已有的运算符重新进行定义，赋予其另外一种功能，以适应不同的数据类型。

1. 加号运算符重载+
2. 左移运算符重载<<
3. 递增运算符重载++
4. 赋值运算符重载=
5. 关系运算符重载==
6. 函数调用运算符重载()

一.加号运算符重载
作用：实现两个自定义数据类型相加的运算

class Person {
public:
	//1.成员函数重载+号
	Person operator+(Person &p) {
		Person temp;
		temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;
		temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
		return temp;
	}
	int m_A;
	int m_B;
};
//2.全局函数的本质调用
/*
Person operator+(Person &p1, Person &p2) {
	Person temp;
	temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
	temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
	return temp;
}
*/
//3.函数重载的版本
Person operator+(Person &p1, int num) {
	Person temp;
	temp.m_A = p1.m_A + num;
	temp.m_B = p1.m_B + num;
	return temp;
}
void test01() {
	Person p1;
	p1.m_A = 10;
	p1.m_B = 10;
	Person p2;
	p2.m_A = 10;
	p2.m_B = 10;
	Person p3 = p1 + p2;//成员函数的本质调用：Person p3=p1.operator+(p2);
//	Person p3 = operator+(p1, p2);//全局函数的本质调用
	Person p4 = p1 + 100;
	cout << "p3.m_A=" << p3.m_A << endl;
	cout << "p3.m_B=" << p3.m_B << endl;
	cout << "p4.m_A=" << p4.m_A << endl;
	cout << "p4.m_B=" << p4.m_B << endl;
}
int main()
{
	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

二.左移运算符重载<<
作用：可以输出自定义的数据类型

class Person {
public:

	//1.不能用成员函数重载<<，因为无法实现<<在左侧(只能是p<<cout形式)
//	Person operator<<(cout) {

//	}

	int m_A;
	int m_B;
};

//2.只能用全局函数重载左移运算符
ostream &operator<<(ostream &cout, Person &p) {
	cout << "m_A=" << p.m_A << "m_B=" << p.m_B << endl;
	return cout;
}


void test01() {
	Person p1;
	p1.m_A = 10;
	p1.m_B = 10;
	cout << p1 <<endl;
	
}
int main()
{
	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

三.递增运算符++

class MyInteger {
public:
	friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &cout, MyInteger myInt);
	MyInteger() {
		m_Num = 0;
	}
	//前置运算符
	MyInteger& operator++() {
		//先++
		m_Num++;
		//再返回
		return *this;
	}
                //后置运算符
	MyInteger operator++(int) {
		//先返回
		MyInteger temp = *this;//记录当前本身的值，再加1，但返回的是以前的值，达到先返回再加1
		m_Num++;
		return temp;
	}
private:
	int m_Num;
};
ostream &operator<<(ostream &cout, MyInteger myInt) {
	cout << myInt.m_Num << endl;
	return cout;
}
void test01() {

	MyInteger myInt;
	cout << ++ myInt<< endl;
	cout << myInt << endl;
	
}
void test02() {
	MyInteger myInt;
	cout << myInt++ << endl;
	cout << myInt << endl;
}

int main()
{
	test01();
	test02();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

四.赋值运算符重载=
c++编译器至少给一个类添加4个函数
1.默认构造函数（无参，函数体为空）
2.默认析构函数（无参，函数体为空）
3.默认拷贝构造函数，对属性进行值拷贝
4.赋值运算符operator=，对属性进行值拷贝
如果类中有属性指向堆区，做赋值操作时也会出现深浅拷贝问题

class Person{
public:
	Person(int age) {
		m_Age=new int(age);
	}
	~Person()
	{
		if (m_Age != NULL) {
			delete m_Age;
			m_Age = NULL;
		}
	}
	//重载赋值运算符
	Person & operator=(Person &p) {
		//应该先判断是否有属性在堆区，如果有先释放干净，然后再深拷贝
		if (m_Age != NULL) {
			delete m_Age;
			m_Age = NULL;
		}
		//深拷贝
		m_Age = new int(*p.m_Age);
		return *this;
	}

	int *m_Age;
};

void test01() {
	Person p1(18);
	Person p2(20);
	Person p3(30);
	p3 = p2 = p1;
	cout << "p1的年龄为：" << *p1.m_Age << endl;
	cout << "p2的年龄为：" << *p2.m_Age << endl;
	cout << "p3的年龄为：" << *p3.m_Age << endl;	
}
int main()
{
	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

五.关系运算符重载==

class Person{
public:
	Person(string name,int age) {
		m_Name = name;
		m_Age = age;
	}
	//重载==号
	bool operator==(Person &p) {
		if (this->m_Name == p.m_Name && this->m_Age == p.m_Age) {
			return true;
		}
		return false;
	}

	string m_Name;
	int m_Age;
};

void test01() {
	Person p1("Tom", 18);
	Person p2("Tom", 18);
	if (p1 == p2) {
		cout << "p1和p2是相等的" << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "p1和p2是不相等的" << endl;
	}
	
}


int main()
{
	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

六.函数调用运算符重载()
函数调用运算符()也可以重载
由于重载后的使用方式非常像函数调用，因此称为仿函数
仿函数没有固定写法，非常灵活

class MyPrint{
public:
	void operator()(string test) {
		cout << test << endl;

	}
	string m_Name;
	int m_Age;
};

void test01() {
	MyPrint myPrint;
	myPrint("hello world");//仿函数
	
}

void test02(string test) {
	cout << "hello world" << endl;
}

int main()
{
	test01();
	test02("hello world");//函数调用
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

来源：黑马程序员