运算符重载
:对已有的运算符重新进行定义,赋予其另外一种功能,以适应不同的数据类型。
- 加号运算符重载+
- 左移运算符重载<<
- 递增运算符重载++
- 赋值运算符重载=
- 关系运算符重载==
- 函数调用运算符重载()
一.加号运算符重载
作用:实现两个自定义数据类型相加的运算
class Person {
public:
//1.成员函数重载+号
Person operator+(Person &p) {
Person temp;
temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;
temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
return temp;
}
int m_A;
int m_B;
};
//2.全局函数的本质调用
/*
Person operator+(Person &p1, Person &p2) {
Person temp;
temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
return temp;
}
*/
//3.函数重载的版本
Person operator+(Person &p1, int num) {
Person temp;
temp.m_A = p1.m_A + num;
temp.m_B = p1.m_B + num;
return temp;
}
void test01() {
Person p1;
p1.m_A = 10;
p1.m_B = 10;
Person p2;
p2.m_A = 10;
p2.m_B = 10;
Person p3 = p1 + p2;//成员函数的本质调用:Person p3=p1.operator+(p2);
// Person p3 = operator+(p1, p2);//全局函数的本质调用
Person p4 = p1 + 100;
cout << "p3.m_A=" << p3.m_A << endl;
cout << "p3.m_B=" << p3.m_B << endl;
cout << "p4.m_A=" << p4.m_A << endl;
cout << "p4.m_B=" << p4.m_B << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
二.左移运算符重载<<
作用:可以输出自定义的数据类型
class Person {
public:
//1.不能用成员函数重载<<,因为无法实现<<在左侧(只能是p<<cout形式)
// Person operator<<(cout) {
// }
int m_A;
int m_B;
};
//2.只能用全局函数重载左移运算符
ostream &operator<<(ostream &cout, Person &p) {
cout << "m_A=" << p.m_A << "m_B=" << p.m_B << endl;
return cout;
}
void test01() {
Person p1;
p1.m_A = 10;
p1.m_B = 10;
cout << p1 <<endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
三.递增运算符++
class MyInteger {
public:
friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &cout, MyInteger myInt);
MyInteger() {
m_Num = 0;
}
//前置运算符
MyInteger& operator++() {
//先++
m_Num++;
//再返回
return *this;
}
//后置运算符
MyInteger operator++(int) {
//先返回
MyInteger temp = *this;//记录当前本身的值,再加1,但返回的是以前的值,达到先返回再加1
m_Num++;
return temp;
}
private:
int m_Num;
};
ostream &operator<<(ostream &cout, MyInteger myInt) {
cout << myInt.m_Num << endl;
return cout;
}
void test01() {
MyInteger myInt;
cout << ++ myInt<< endl;
cout << myInt << endl;
}
void test02() {
MyInteger myInt;
cout << myInt++ << endl;
cout << myInt << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
四.赋值运算符重载=
c++编译器至少给一个类添加4个函数
1.默认构造函数(无参,函数体为空)
2.默认析构函数(无参,函数体为空)
3.默认拷贝构造函数,对属性进行值拷贝
4.赋值运算符operator=,对属性进行值拷贝
如果类中有属性指向堆区,做赋值操作时也会出现深浅拷贝问题
class Person{
public:
Person(int age) {
m_Age=new int(age);
}
~Person()
{
if (m_Age != NULL) {
delete m_Age;
m_Age = NULL;
}
}
//重载赋值运算符
Person & operator=(Person &p) {
//应该先判断是否有属性在堆区,如果有先释放干净,然后再深拷贝
if (m_Age != NULL) {
delete m_Age;
m_Age = NULL;
}
//深拷贝
m_Age = new int(*p.m_Age);
return *this;
}
int *m_Age;
};
void test01() {
Person p1(18);
Person p2(20);
Person p3(30);
p3 = p2 = p1;
cout << "p1的年龄为:" << *p1.m_Age << endl;
cout << "p2的年龄为:" << *p2.m_Age << endl;
cout << "p3的年龄为:" << *p3.m_Age << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
五.关系运算符重载==
class Person{
public:
Person(string name,int age) {
m_Name = name;
m_Age = age;
}
//重载==号
bool operator==(Person &p) {
if (this->m_Name == p.m_Name && this->m_Age == p.m_Age) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
string m_Name;
int m_Age;
};
void test01() {
Person p1("Tom", 18);
Person p2("Tom", 18);
if (p1 == p2) {
cout << "p1和p2是相等的" << endl;
}
else {
cout << "p1和p2是不相等的" << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
六.函数调用运算符重载()
函数调用运算符()也可以重载
由于重载后的使用方式非常像函数调用,因此称为仿函数
仿函数没有固定写法,非常灵活
class MyPrint{
public:
void operator()(string test) {
cout << test << endl;
}
string m_Name;
int m_Age;
};
void test01() {
MyPrint myPrint;
myPrint("hello world");//仿函数
}
void test02(string test) {
cout << "hello world" << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02("hello world");//函数调用
system("pause");
return 0;
}
来源:黑马程序员