字符串转字节bytes
>>> '学'.encode()
b'\xe5\xad\xa6'
>>> '学'.encode(encoding='raw_unicode_escape')
b'\\u5b66'
>>> '学'.encode(encoding='gbk')
b'\xd1\xa7'
字节bytes 转字符串
>>> b'\xe5\xad\xa6'.decode()
'学'
>>> b'\xd1\xa7'.decode('gbk')
'学'
>>> b'\\u5b66'.decode(encoding='raw_unicode_escape')
'学'
utf-8编码 网络%转换
>>> from urllib import request
>>> d = '%e5%ad%a6'
>>> request.unquote(d)
'学'
>>> request.quote('学')
'%E5%AD%A6'
>>> s = '\xe5\xad\xa6'
>>> type(s)
<class 'str'>
>>> s.encode('raw_unicode_escape')
b'\xe5\xad\xa6'
>>> s.encode('raw_unicode_escape').decode()
'学'
>>> s = '\345\255\246'
>>> s.encode('raw_unicode_escape')
b'\xe5\xad\xa6'
>>> s.encode('raw_unicode_escape').decode()
'学'