先一句话说一说HttpClient的 特性
HttpClient专为扩展而设计,同时为基本HTTP协议提供强大支持,HttpClient支持对构建支持HTTP的客户端应用程序(如Web浏览器,Web服务客户端或利用或扩展HTTP协议进行分布式通信的系统)
一、快速使用
- 首先创建httpclient对象
- 创建请求对象HttpGet或HttpPost
- 指定URL请求路径并注入给请求对象
- 通过execute方法发起请求并接受HttpResponse响应
- 处理响应
程序实例:
@Test
public void testGet() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
String url = "http://www.baidu.com";
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()==200) {
System.out.println("恭喜你获取数据成功");
//通过观察发现得到的是一个HTML
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}else
System.out.println("获取失败");
}
二、CloseableHttpClient
CloseableHttpClient 是实现 HttpClient 的抽象类,一般使用的 HttpClients.createDefault() 的返回类型就是他。先定义连接池,用工厂实例化连接池并通过注返回一个CloseableHttpClient。于此同时还需要用工厂实例化一个RequestConfig对象作为参数对象。一下代码实现还需要/properties/httpClient.properties配置文件注入参数。
代码如下:
@Configuration
@PropertySource(value="classpath:/properties/httpClient.properties")
public class HttpClientConfig {
@Value("${http.maxTotal}")
private Integer maxTotal; //最大连接数
@Value("${http.defaultMaxPerRoute}")
private Integer defaultMaxPerRoute; //最大并发链接数
@Value("${http.connectTimeout}")
private Integer connectTimeout; //创建链接的最大时间
@Value("${http.connectionRequestTimeout}")
private Integer connectionRequestTimeout; //链接获取超时时间
@Value("${http.socketTimeout}")
private Integer socketTimeout; //数据传输最长时间
@Value("${http.staleConnectionCheckEnabled}")
private boolean staleConnectionCheckEnabled; //提交时检查链接是否可用
//定义httpClient链接池
@Bean(name="httpClientConnectionManager")
public PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager getPoolingHttpClientConnectionManager() {
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager manager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
manager.setMaxTotal(maxTotal); //设定最大链接数
manager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(defaultMaxPerRoute); //设定并发链接数
return manager;
}
//定义HttpClient
/**
* 实例化连接池,设置连接池管理器。
* 这里需要以参数形式注入上面实例化的连接池管理器
@Qualifier 指定bean标签进行注入
*/
@Bean(name = "httpClientBuilder")
public HttpClientBuilder getHttpClientBuilder(@Qualifier("httpClientConnectionManager")PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager httpClientConnectionManager){
//HttpClientBuilder中的构造方法被protected修饰,所以这里不能直接使用new来实例化一个HttpClientBuilder,可以使用HttpClientBuilder提供的静态方法create()来获取HttpClientBuilder对象
HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder = HttpClientBuilder.create();
httpClientBuilder.setConnectionManager(httpClientConnectionManager);
return httpClientBuilder;
}
/**
* 注入连接池,用于获取httpClient
* @param httpClientBuilder
* @return
*/
@Bean
public CloseableHttpClient getCloseableHttpClient(@Qualifier("httpClientBuilder") HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder){
return httpClientBuilder.build();
}
/**
* Builder是RequestConfig的一个内部类
* 通过RequestConfig的custom方法来获取到一个Builder对象
* 设置builder的连接信息
* @return
*/
@Bean(name = "builder")
public RequestConfig.Builder getBuilder(){
RequestConfig.Builder builder = RequestConfig.custom();
return builder.setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout)
.setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout)
.setStaleConnectionCheckEnabled(staleConnectionCheckEnabled);
}
/**
* 使用builder构建一个RequestConfig对象
* @param builder
* @return
*/
@Bean
public RequestConfig getRequestConfig(@Qualifier("builder") RequestConfig.Builder builder){
return builder.build();
}
}
三、HttpClientClose封装
这是用来关闭超时连接的类,每隔5秒关闭一次超时连接,这里使用了 volatile ,这是一个
类型修饰符,一个线程修改,其他线程立即修改。
代码如下:
@Component //交给spring容器管理
public class HttpClientClose extends Thread{
@Autowired
private PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager manage;
private volatile boolean shutdown; //开关 volatitle表示多线程可变数据,一个线程修改,其他线程立即修改
public HttpClientClose() {
///System.out.println("执行构造方法,实例化对象");
//线程开启启动
this.start();
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
//如果服务没有关闭,执行线程
while(!shutdown) {
synchronized (this) {
wait(5000); //等待5秒
//System.out.println("线程开始执行,关闭超时链接");
//关闭超时的链接
PoolStats stats = manage.getTotalStats();
int av = stats.getAvailable(); //获取可用的线程数量
int pend = stats.getPending(); //获取阻塞的线程数量
int lea = stats.getLeased(); //获取当前正在使用的链接数量
int max = stats.getMax();
//System.out.println("max/"+max+": av/"+av+": pend/"+pend+": lea/"+lea);
manage.closeExpiredConnections();
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException();
}
super.run();
}
//关闭清理无效连接的线程
@PreDestroy //容器关闭时执行该方法.
public void shutdown() {
shutdown = true;
synchronized (this) {
//System.out.println("关闭全部链接!!");
notifyAll(); //全部从等待中唤醒.执行关闭操作;
}
}
}
四、HttpClientService的封装
每次建立HttpGet、httpClient和设置RequestConfig十分麻烦,所以建立一个类对他们进行封装,并用重载实现各种情况。
@Service
public class HttpClientService {
@Autowired
private CloseableHttpClient httpClient;
@Autowired
private RequestConfig requestConfig;
public String doGet(String url,Map<String,String> params,String charset){
String result = null;
//1.判断字符集编码是否为空 如果为空则给定默认值utf-8
if(StringUtils.isEmpty(charset)){
charset = "UTF-8";
}
//2.判断用户是否需要传递参数
if(params != null){
try {
URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(url);
for (Map.Entry<String,String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
uriBuilder.addParameter(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
//url?id=1&name=tom
url = uriBuilder.build().toString();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//3.定义参数提交对象
HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
//4.为请求设定超时时间
get.setConfig(requestConfig);
//5.通过httpClient发送请求
try {
CloseableHttpResponse response =
httpClient.execute(get);
if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200){
//表示程序调用成功
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),charset);
}else{
System.out.println("调用异常:状态信息:"+response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
throw new RuntimeException();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
public String doGet(String url){
return doGet(url, null, null);
}
public String doGet(String url,Map<String,String> params){
return doGet(url, params, null);
}
public String doGet(String url,String charset){
return doGet(url, null, charset);
}
//实现httpClient POST提交
public String doPost(String url,Map<String,String> params,String charset){
String result = null;
//1.定义请求类型
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
post.setConfig(requestConfig); //定义超时时间
//2.判断字符集是否为null
if(StringUtils.isEmpty(charset)){
charset = "UTF-8";
}
//3.判断用户是否传递参数
if(params !=null){
//3.2准备List集合信息
List<NameValuePair> parameters =
new ArrayList<>();
//3.3将数据封装到List集合中
for (Map.Entry<String,String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
parameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
//3.1模拟表单提交
try {
UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity =
new UrlEncodedFormEntity(parameters,charset); //采用u8编码
//3.4将实体对象封装到请求对象中
post.setEntity(formEntity);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//4.发送请求
try {
CloseableHttpResponse response =
httpClient.execute(post);
//4.1判断返回值状态
if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
//4.2表示请求成功
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),charset);
}else{
System.out.println("获取状态码信息:"+response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
throw new RuntimeException();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
public String doPost(String url){
return doPost(url, null, null);
}
public String doPost(String url,Map<String,String> params){
return doPost(url, params, null);
}
public String doPost(String url,String charset){
return doPost(url, null, charset);
}
}