qemu gdb环境搭建

qemu gdb环境搭建

arm-linux-gnueabi-gdb 安装

环境：
uname -a查看版本：

Linux mj 3.19.0-25-generic #26~14.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 24 21:16:20 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

gcc -v查看版本：

Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.8 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.8 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libmudflap --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --disable-browser-plugin --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-gtk-cairo --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64/jre --enable-java-home --with-jvm-root-dir=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64 --with-jvm-jar-dir=/usr/lib/jvm-exports/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --enable-objc-gc --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.8.4 (Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04)

gdb -v查看版本：

GNU gdb (Ubuntu 7.7.1-0ubuntu5~14.04.2) 7.7.1
Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux-gnu".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.
For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word".

先安装交叉编译工具链arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc:

sudo apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi

当前arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc -v版本：

Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabi/4.7/lto-wrapper
Target: arm-linux-gnueabi
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu/Linaro 4.7.3-12ubuntu1' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.7/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,go,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.7 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/include/c++/4.7.3 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libmudflap --disable-libitm --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --enable-objc-gc --with-cloog --enable-cloog-backend=ppl --disable-cloog-version-check --disable-ppl-version-check --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --disable-sjlj-exceptions --with-arch=armv5t --with-float=soft --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=arm-linux-gnueabi --program-prefix=arm-linux-gnueabi- --includedir=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/include
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.7.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.7.3-12ubuntu1)

下载与gdb对应的arm-linux-gnueabi-gdb版本：

https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gdb/

到上面这个网址，找到7.7.1版本，下载gdb-7.7.1.tar.gz到ubuntu。

解压缩：

tax -xvzf gdb-7.7.1.tar.gz

配置，编译：

cd gdb-7.7.1
./configure --target=arm-linux-gnueabi
make 
sudo make install

这里配置--target=arm-linux-gnueabi与上面安装的交叉编译工具链arm-linux-gnueabi-对应，这个是运行在x86_64上调试arm-linux-gnueabi的二进制文件。如果这个gdb要在arm-linux-gnueabi-编译的板子上运行，需要配置./configure --target=arm-linux-gnueabi --host=arm-linux-gnueabi。

安装完成后重新登陆一下，可以看到arm-linux-gnueabi-gdb -v版本：

GNU gdb (GDB) 7.7.1
Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "--host=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --target=arm-linux-gnueabi".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.
For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word".

如果有打印termcap没有找到的错误，执行下面操作。
带网站：

https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/termcap/

下载termcap-1.3.1.tar.gz，执行命令：

./configure

如果需要交叉编译，修改Makefile:

CC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gc
AR=arm-linux-gnueabi-ar

执行make

make 

查找交叉编译工具链的头文件路径和库路径echo 'main(){}'|arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc -E -v -：

Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
Target: arm-linux-gnueabi
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu/Linaro 4.7.3-12ubuntu1' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.7/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,go,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.7 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/include/c++/4.7.3 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libmudflap --disable-libitm --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --enable-objc-gc --with-cloog --enable-cloog-backend=ppl --disable-cloog-version-check --disable-ppl-version-check --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --disable-sjlj-exceptions --with-arch=armv5t --with-float=soft --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=arm-linux-gnueabi --program-prefix=arm-linux-gnueabi- --includedir=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/include
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.7.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.7.3-12ubuntu1) 
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-E' '-v' '-march=armv5t' '-mfloat-abi=soft' '-mtls-dialect=gnu'
 /usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabi/4.7/cc1 -E -quiet -v -imultilib sf -imultiarch arm-linux-gnueabi - -march=armv5t -mfloat-abi=soft -mtls-dialect=gnu -fstack-protector
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include/arm-linux-gnueabi"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabi"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabi/4.7/include
 /usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabi/4.7/include-fixed
 /usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabi/4.7/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabi/include
 /usr/include
End of search list.
# 1 "<stdin>"
# 1 "<command-line>"
# 1 "<stdin>"
main(){}
COMPILER_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabi/4.7/:/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabi/4.7/:/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabi/:/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabi/4.7/:/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabi/:/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabi/4.7/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabi/bin/
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabi/4.7/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/../lib/:/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabi/4.7/:/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabi/4.7/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/:/lib/:/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-E' '-v' '-march=armv5t' '-mfloat-abi=soft' '-mtls-dialect=gnu'

头文件``放到/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabi/4.7/include路径，库放到=/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabi/4.7/路径：

sudo cp termcap.h /usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabi/4.7/include
sudo cp libtermcap.a /usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabi/4.7/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/../lib/

调试内核

编译内核：

make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- vexpress_defconfig
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- uImage -j4
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- dtbs

cp vmlinux ~/mwork/img
cp arch/arm/boot/zImage ~/mwork/img/
cp arch/arm/boot/dts/vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb ~/mwork/img/

到~/mwork/img/目录下：

qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -m 512M -kernel zImage -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb --nographic -append "console=ttyAMA0" -S -s

-kernel指定执行的内核文件，-dtb指定设备树文件，-S是freeze CPU at startup, -s是shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234。

起来后打开arm-linux-gnueabi-gdb vmlinux，起来后输入命令：

target remote localhost:1234

给``打断点：

b start_kernel