一、指令格式化
LABEL
LABEL vendor=ACME\ Incorporated \
com.example.is-beta= \
com.example.is-production="" \
com.example.version="0.0.1-beta" \
com.example.release-date="2015-02-12"
ENV
Dockerfile中ENV指令像RUN指令一样,每一个都会创建一个临时层。
ENV JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.8.0_241 \
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib
ENV PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
RUN
RUN apt-get update && \
apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
apt-transport-https \
ca-certificates && \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
二、指令优化
1、减少RUN指令,合并命令
RUN useradd -s /sbin/nologin -m -u 1001 curiouser && \
mkdir -p /home/curiouser/{data,logs} && \
rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/C* && \
yum install -q -y git && \
yum clean all && \
curl -s http://192.168.1.7/repository/tools/jdk-8u241-linux-x64.tar.gz | tar -xC /opt/
2、使用COPY来代替ADD
对于使用ADD指令下载远程服务器上的tar包并解压,建议使用以下方式代替
RUN curl -s http://192.168.1.7/repository/tools/jdk-8u241-linux-x64.tar.gz | tar -xC /opt/
三、最小化基础镜像,减小镜像体积
1、尽量使用Alpine作为基础镜像
Alpine镜像大小最多才几MB。
使用APK命令装最小化需求的软件包
FROM alpine:3.11.5
RUN sed -i "s/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.aliyun.com/g" /etc/apk/repositories \
&& apk add --no-cache git
四、尽量不使用root用户
在做基础运行时镜像时,创建运行时普通用户和用户组,并做工作区与权限限制,启动服务时尽量使用普通用户。
gosu
FROM alpine:3.11.5
RUN sed -i "s/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.aliyun.com/g" /etc/apk/repositories \
&& apk add --no-cache gosu
参考:
https://blog.csdn.net/boling_cavalry/article/details/93380447
五、使用进程管理工具来处理进程信号
为防止容器中的进程变成僵尸进程,
dumb-init
Github地址:https://github.com/Yelp/dumb-init
FROM alpine:3.11.5
RUN sed -i "s/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.aliyun.com/g" /etc/apk/repositories \
&& apk add --no-cache dumb-init
# Runs "/usr/bin/dumb-init -- /my/script --with --args"
ENTRYPOINT ["dumb-init", "--"]
# or if you use --rewrite or other cli flags
# ENTRYPOINT ["dumb-init", "--rewrite", "2:3", "--"]
CMD ["/my/script", "--with", "--args"]
参考:
https://www.infoq.cn/article/2016/01/dumb-init-Docker
https://www.cnblogs.com/sunsky303/p/11046681.html
六、移除所有缓存等不必要信息
删除解压后的源压缩包(参考第二章第二节)
清理包管理器下载安装软件时的缓存
使用Alipine镜像中APK命令安装包时记得加上
--no-cache
使用Ubuntu镜像中的APT命令安装软件后记得
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
七、使用合理的ENTRYPOINT脚本
示例:
#!/bin/bash
set -e
if [ "$1" = 'postgres' ]; then
chown -R postgres "$PGDATA"
if [ -z "$(ls -A "$PGDATA")" ]; then
gosu postgres initdb
fi
exec gosu postgres "$@"
fi
exec "$@"
八、其他建议
1、设置时区
FROM alpine:3.11.5
ENV TZ=Asia/Shanghai
RUN sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apk/repositories \
&& apk add --no-cache tzdata \
&& cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime \
&& echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/timezone
2、设置系统语言
FROM alpine:3.11.5
ENV LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8
RUN apk --no-cache add ca-certificates \
&& wget -q -O /etc/apk/keys/sgerrand.rsa.pub https://alpine-pkgs.sgerrand.com/sgerrand.rsa.pub \
&& wget -q https://github.com/sgerrand/alpine-pkg-glibc/releases/download/2.29-r0/glibc-2.29-r0.apk \
&& wget -q https://github.com/sgerrand/alpine-pkg-glibc/releases/download/2.29-r0/glibc-bin-2.29-r0.apk \
&& wget -q https://github.com/sgerrand/alpine-pkg-glibc/releases/download/2.29-r0/glibc-i18n-2.29-r0.apk \
&& apk add glibc-2.29-r0.apk glibc-bin-2.29-r0.apk glibc-i18n-2.29-r0.apk \
&& rm -rf /usr/lib/jvm glibc-2.29-r0.apk glibc-bin-2.29-r0.apk glibc-i18n-2.29-r0.apk \
&& /usr/glibc-compat/bin/localedef --force --inputfile POSIX --charmap UTF-8 "$LANG" || true \
&& echo "export LANG=$LANG" > /etc/profile.d/locale.sh \
&& apk del glibc-i18n
3、使用Label标注作者、软件版本等元信息
FROM alpine:3.11.5
LABEL Author=Curiouser \
Mail=****@163.com \
PHP=7.3 \
Tools=“git、vim、curl” \
Update="添加用户组"
4、指定工作区
WORKDIR /var/wwww
5、RUN指令显示优化
RUN set -eux ; \
ls -al
九、镜像构建
1、命名
原则是见名知意。可使用三段式
镜像仓库地址/类型库/镜像名:版本号
registry/runtime/Java:8.1.2
registry/runtime/php-fpm-nginx:7.3-1.14
registry/cicd/kubctl-helm:1.17-3.0
registry/cicd/git-compose-docker:v1
registry/applications/demo:git_commit_id
2、使用Makefile
IMAGE_BASE = registry/runtime
IMAGE_NAME = php-fpm
IMAGE_VERSION = 7.3
all: build push
build:
docker build --rm -f Dockerfile -t ${IMAGE_BASE}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${IMAGE_VERSION} .
push:
docker push ${IMAGE_BASE}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${IMAGE_VERSION}
# 构建并推送
make
# 仅构建
make build
# 仅推送
make push
参考
https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/dockerfile_best-practices/
https://www.artindustrial-it.com/2017/09/20/10-best-practices-for-creating-good-docker-images/
https://gist.github.com/StevenACoffman/41fee08e8782b411a4a26b9700ad7af5
https://snyk.io/blog/10-docker-image-security-best-practices/
原文出处:https://gitbook.curiouser.top/origin/dockerfile-optimization.html#
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