灰度发布
灰度发布(又名金丝雀发布)是指在黑与白之间,能够平滑过渡的一种发布方式。在其上可以进行A/B testing,即让一部分用户继续用产品特性A,一部分用户开始用产品特性B,如果用户对B没有什么反对意见,那么逐步扩大范围,把所有用户都迁移到B上面来。灰度发布可以保证整体系统的稳定,在初始灰度的时候就可以发现、调整问题,以保证其影响度。
灰度期:灰度发布开始到结束期间的这一段时间,称为灰度期。
今天我将利用Spring Gateway 结合Nacos实现灰度发布
由于代码过多,这里只展示了关键信息,源代码地址以防在文末
创建项目
项目结构
- api-server 需要灰度的app应用
- gateway-server gateway 网管
- nacos 注册中心
项目版本
<properties>
<youhuo.version>0.1-SNAPSHOT</youhuo.version>
<spring.boot.version>2.7.8</spring.boot.version>
<spring.cloud.version>2021.0.5</spring.cloud.version>
<spring.cloud.alibaba.version>2021.0.4.0</spring.cloud.alibaba.version>
</properties>
Gateway Server
灰度配置文件
@Data
// 动态刷新
@RefreshScope
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "server.gray")
public class ServerGrayProperty {
/**
* 生产的版本
*/
private String proVersion;
/**
* 需要灰度的人员列表
*/
private List<String> grayUsers;
/**
* 灰度的版本
*/
private String grayVersion;
/**
* 权重
*/
private Double weight;
/**
* 是否开启{@link GrayEnvLoadBalancer} 的方式进行灰度发布
*/
private Boolean enable = true;
}
示例
server:
gray:
proVersion: 1
enable: true
grayUsers: abc,ii,ss,kk,bb,pp
grayVersion: 2
GrayEnvLoadBalancer
通过自定义的配置实现获取不同的路由选择
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Slf4j
public class GrayEnvLoadBalancer implements ReactorServiceInstanceLoadBalancer {
private ServerGrayProperty serverGrayProperty;
/**
* 用于获取 serviceId 对应的服务实例的列表
*/
private final ObjectProvider<ServiceInstanceListSupplier> serviceInstanceListSupplierProvider;
/**
* 需要获取的服务实例名
* <p>
* 暂时用于打印 logger 日志
*/
private final String serviceId;
@Override
public Mono<Response<ServiceInstance>> choose(Request request) {
// 获得 HttpHeaders 属性,实现从 header 中获取 version
HttpHeaders headers = ((RequestDataContext) request.getContext()).getClientRequest().getHeaders();
// 选择实例
ServiceInstanceListSupplier supplier = serviceInstanceListSupplierProvider.getIfAvailable(NoopServiceInstanceListSupplier::new);
return supplier.get(request).next().map(list -> getInstanceResponse(list, headers));
}
private Response<ServiceInstance> getInstanceResponse(List<ServiceInstance> instances, HttpHeaders headers) {
// 如果服务实例为空,则直接返回
if (CollUtil.isEmpty(instances)) {
log.warn("[getInstanceResponse][serviceId({}) 服务实例列表为空]", serviceId);
return new EmptyResponse();
}
// todo 这里获取可以根据等候的信息获取
String userId = Objects.requireNonNull(headers.get("userId")).stream().findFirst().orElse("");
// 筛选满足 version 条件的实例列表
String version = serverGrayProperty.getGrayVersion();
// 筛选满足 灰度的用户实例列表
List<String> grayUsers = serverGrayProperty.getGrayUsers();
List<ServiceInstance> chooseInstances;
if (StrUtil.isEmpty(version) && !grayUsers.contains(userId)) {
chooseInstances = instances;
} else {
// 选择满足条件的实例
chooseInstances = filterList(instances, instance -> version.equals(instance.getMetadata().get("version")) && grayUsers.contains(userId));
if (CollUtil.isEmpty(chooseInstances)) {
log.warn("[getInstanceResponse][serviceId({}) 没有满足版本({})的服务实例列表,直接使用所有服务实例列表]", serviceId, version);
chooseInstances = instances;
}
}
// 基于 tag 过滤实例列表
chooseInstances = filterTagServiceInstances(chooseInstances, headers);
// 随机 + 权重获取实例列表
return new DefaultResponse(NacosBalancer.getHostByRandomWeight3(chooseInstances));
}
/**
* 基于 tag 请求头,过滤匹配 tag 的服务实例列表
* <p>
* copy from EnvLoadBalancerClient
*
* @param instances 服务实例列表
* @param headers 请求头
* @return 服务实例列表
*/
private List<ServiceInstance> filterTagServiceInstances(List<ServiceInstance> instances, HttpHeaders headers) {
// 情况一,没有 tag 时,直接返回
String tag = EnvUtils.getTag(headers);
if (StrUtil.isEmpty(tag)) {
return instances;
}
// 情况二,有 tag 时,使用 tag 匹配服务实例
List<ServiceInstance> chooseInstances = filterList(instances, instance -> tag.equals(EnvUtils.getTag(instance)));
if (CollUtil.isEmpty(chooseInstances)) {
log.warn("[filterTagServiceInstances][serviceId({}) 没有满足 tag({}) 的服务实例列表,直接使用所有服务实例列表]", serviceId, tag);
chooseInstances = instances;
}
return chooseInstances;
}
public static <T> List<T> filterList(Collection<T> from, Predicate<T> predicate) {
if (CollUtil.isEmpty(from)) {
return new ArrayList<>();
}
return from.stream().filter(predicate).collect(Collectors.toList());
}
public void setServerGrayProperty(ServerGrayProperty serverGrayProperty) {
this.serverGrayProperty = serverGrayProperty;
}
}
GrayReactiveLoadBalancerClientFilter
@Component
@AllArgsConstructor
@Slf4j
@SuppressWarnings({"JavadocReference", "rawtypes", "unchecked", "ConstantConditions"})
public class GrayReactiveLoadBalancerClientFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {
private final LoadBalancerClientFactory clientFactory;
private final GatewayLoadBalancerProperties properties;
private final ServerGrayProperty serverGrayProperty;
@Override
public int getOrder() {
return ReactiveLoadBalancerClientFilter.LOAD_BALANCER_CLIENT_FILTER_ORDER;
}
@Override
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
URI url = exchange.getAttribute(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR);
String schemePrefix = exchange.getAttribute(GATEWAY_SCHEME_PREFIX_ATTR);
// 将 lb 替换成 grayLb,表示灰度负载均衡
if (url == null || (!"grayLb".equals(url.getScheme()) && !"grayLb".equals(schemePrefix))) {
return chain.filter(exchange);
}
// preserve the original url
addOriginalRequestUrl(exchange, url);
if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
log.trace(ReactiveLoadBalancerClientFilter.class.getSimpleName() + " url before: " + url);
}
URI requestUri = exchange.getAttribute(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR);
String serviceId = requestUri.getHost();
Set<LoadBalancerLifecycle> supportedLifecycleProcessors = LoadBalancerLifecycleValidator
.getSupportedLifecycleProcessors(clientFactory.getInstances(serviceId, LoadBalancerLifecycle.class),
RequestDataContext.class, ResponseData.class, ServiceInstance.class);
DefaultRequest<RequestDataContext> lbRequest = new DefaultRequest<>(
new RequestDataContext(new RequestData(exchange.getRequest()), getHint(serviceId)));
return choose(lbRequest, serviceId, supportedLifecycleProcessors).doOnNext(response -> {
if (!response.hasServer()) {
supportedLifecycleProcessors.forEach(lifecycle -> lifecycle
.onComplete(new CompletionContext<>(CompletionContext.Status.DISCARD, lbRequest, response)));
throw NotFoundException.create(properties.isUse404(), "Unable to find instance for " + url.getHost());
}
ServiceInstance retrievedInstance = response.getServer();
URI uri = exchange.getRequest().getURI();
// if the `lb:<scheme>` mechanism was used, use `<scheme>` as the default,
// if the loadbalancer doesn't provide one.
String overrideScheme = retrievedInstance.isSecure() ? "https" : "http";
if (schemePrefix != null) {
overrideScheme = url.getScheme();
}
DelegatingServiceInstance serviceInstance = new DelegatingServiceInstance(retrievedInstance,
overrideScheme);
URI requestUrl = reconstructURI(serviceInstance, uri);
if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
log.trace("LoadBalancerClientFilter url chosen: " + requestUrl);
}
exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR, requestUrl);
exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_LOADBALANCER_RESPONSE_ATTR, response);
supportedLifecycleProcessors.forEach(lifecycle -> lifecycle.onStartRequest(lbRequest, response));
}).then(chain.filter(exchange))
.doOnError(throwable -> supportedLifecycleProcessors.forEach(lifecycle -> lifecycle
.onComplete(new CompletionContext<ResponseData, ServiceInstance, RequestDataContext>(
CompletionContext.Status.FAILED, throwable, lbRequest,
exchange.getAttribute(GATEWAY_LOADBALANCER_RESPONSE_ATTR)))))
.doOnSuccess(aVoid -> supportedLifecycleProcessors.forEach(lifecycle -> lifecycle
.onComplete(new CompletionContext<ResponseData, ServiceInstance, RequestDataContext>(
CompletionContext.Status.SUCCESS, lbRequest,
exchange.getAttribute(GATEWAY_LOADBALANCER_RESPONSE_ATTR),
new ResponseData(exchange.getResponse(), new RequestData(exchange.getRequest()))))));
}
protected URI reconstructURI(ServiceInstance serviceInstance, URI original) {
return LoadBalancerUriTools.reconstructURI(serviceInstance, original);
}
private Mono<Response<ServiceInstance>> choose(Request<RequestDataContext> lbRequest, String serviceId,
Set<LoadBalancerLifecycle> supportedLifecycleProcessors) {
if (serverGrayProperty.getEnable()) {
// 直接创建 GrayEnvLoadBalancer 对象
GrayEnvLoadBalancer loadBalancer = new GrayEnvLoadBalancer(
clientFactory.getLazyProvider(serviceId, ServiceInstanceListSupplier.class), serviceId);
loadBalancer.setServerGrayProperty(serverGrayProperty);
supportedLifecycleProcessors.forEach(lifecycle -> lifecycle.onStart(lbRequest));
return loadBalancer.choose(lbRequest);
} else {
// 直接创建 GrayLoadBalancer 对象
GrayLoadBalancer loadBalancer = new GrayLoadBalancer(
clientFactory.getLazyProvider(serviceId, ServiceInstanceListSupplier.class), serviceId);
supportedLifecycleProcessors.forEach(lifecycle -> lifecycle.onStart(lbRequest));
return loadBalancer.choose(lbRequest);
}
}
private String getHint(String serviceId) {
LoadBalancerProperties loadBalancerProperties = clientFactory.getProperties(serviceId);
Map<String, String> hints = loadBalancerProperties.getHint();
String defaultHint = hints.getOrDefault("default", "default");
String hintPropertyValue = hints.get(serviceId);
return hintPropertyValue != null ? hintPropertyValue : defaultHint;
}
}
这里我们就可以根据ServerGrayProperty
配置的映射进行不灰度策略的实现
Api Server
一个简单的Springboot 项目,每次请求返回自己服务的端口号
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/system/api/")
public class GraLbController {
@Value("${server.port}")
private Integer port;
@GetMapping(value = "test")
public String test() {
return String.format("port=%s", port);
}
}
需要启动两个项目,设置不同的端口号即可
Nacos配置
确定我们的服务已经注册到Nacos
修改api的元数据
{
"preserved.register.source": "SPRING_CLOUD",
"version": "2",
"nacos.weight":10,
"nacos.healthy":true,
"name":"gray-api-01"
}
效果展示
不在访问列表里的用户持续访问原有生产版本
GET http://localhost:9080/system/api/test
userId: abc2
返回效果如下:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Vary: Origin
Vary: Access-Control-Request-Method
Vary: Access-Control-Request-Headers
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 9
Date: Wed, 29 Mar 2023 13:03:47 GMT
port=9081
当用户出现在访问列表后将灰度到升级版本中
GET http://localhost:9080/system/api/test
userId: abc
返回效果如下:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Vary: Origin
Vary: Access-Control-Request-Method
Vary: Access-Control-Request-Headers
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 9
Date: Wed, 29 Mar 2023 13:05:28 GMT
port=8092
如果有任何疑问,可以联系小编 372787553,小遍
大家如果想进入程序交流群,可以直接备注进群即可
源代码地址 https://github.com/yanghaiji/grayscale-publishing-demo 如果对您有所帮助记得 star哦