SpringBoot——SpringBoot入门

1. 新建工程

• 新建maven工程：jar（quick start）
• 修改pom.xml

	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
	</parent>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	<build>
		<finalName>springboot-01-helloworld</finalName>
        <plugins>
        	<!-- 指定项目源码的jdk版本，编译后的jdk版本，以及编码 -->
        	<plugin>
            	<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
              	<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
              	<configuration>
                     <source>1.8</source>
                     <target>1.8</target>
              	</configuration>
       		</plugin>
       		<!-- 这个插件直接将应用打包成一个可执行的jar包 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
	</build>

• 主启动类

/*
 * @SpringBootApplication标注一个主程序类，说明这是一个spring boot应用
 * SpringApplication.run(xxx.class, args);必须运行的是被@SpringBootApplication注解标注的类
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloWorldMainApplication {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//启动spring应用
		SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class, args);
	}
}

2. 依赖管理

导入spring-boot-starter不需要指定版本

• 在pom.xml指定了spring-boot-starter-parent的版本

<parent>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
	<version>2.1.10.RELEASE</version>
</parent>	

• ctrl+左键进入，发现spring-boot-starter-parent依赖了spring-boot-dependencies

<parent>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
	<version>2.1.10.RELEASE</version>
	<relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath>
</parent>

• 继续ctrl+左键进入，发现spring-boot-dependencies帮助我们控制了依赖的版本

<properties>
	<!-- Dependency versions -->
	<activemq.version>5.15.10</activemq.version>
    <antlr2.version>2.7.7</antlr2.version>
    <appengine-sdk.version>1.9.76</appengine-sdk.version>
    <artemis.version>2.6.4</artemis.version>
    <aspectj.version>1.9.4</aspectj.version>
    <assertj.version>3.11.1</assertj.version>
	...
</properties>	

3. 自动配置原理

3.1 @SpringBootApplication

标注在某个类上说明这个类是SpringBoot的主配置类，SpringBoot就应该运行这个类的main方法来启动SpringBoot应用

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {}

3.2 @SpringBootConfiguration

标注在某个类上，表示这是一个Spring Boot的配置类

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Configuration
public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {}

@Configuration 表明是配置类，@Component添加为容器组件

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Component
public @interface Configuration {}

3.3 @EnableAutoConfiguration

@AutoConfigurationPackage：自动配置包

@Import：Spring的底层注解，给容器中导入一个组件，导入的组件由 AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class 将主配置类（@SpringBootApplication标注的类）的所在包及下面所有子包里面的所有组件扫描到Spring容器

EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class：导入哪些组件的选择器；将所有需要导入的组件以全类名的方式返回；这些组件就会被添加到容器中；还会给容器中导入非常多的自动配置类（xxxAutoConfiguration），通过配置类将这个场景需要的所有组件配置好

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {}

getAutoConfigurationEntry()方法执行时，会获取配置List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);

protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata,
	AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
	if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
		return EMPTY_ENTRY;
	}
	AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
	List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
	configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
	Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
	checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
	configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
	configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
	fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
	return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
}

可以看到这些配置全是xxxAutoConfiguration