反射

一、获取Class对象的三种方式

1. Object ——> getClass();
2. 任何数据类型（包括基本数据类型）都有一个“静态”的class属性
3. 通过Class类的静态方法：forName（String className）(常用)

public class Test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Class c1 = Class.forName("reflect.Student");
            Student student = new Student();
            Class c2 = student.getClass();
            Class c3 = Student.class;

            System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
            System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
            System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

class Student{
    private String name;
    private String id;
    public int age;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "reflect.Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", id='" + id + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Student(String name, String id, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Student() {
    }
}

结果是三个hashcode一样，表明Class只有一份。

二、哪些类型可以有Class对象

package reflect;

public class Test02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Class c1 = Object.class;        //类
        Class c2 = Comparable.class;    //接口
        Class c3 = String[].class;      //一维数组
        Class c4 = int[][].class;       //二维数组
        Class c5 = Override.class;      //注解
        Class c6 = Enum.class;   //枚举类型
        Class c7 = Integer.class;       //基本数据类型
        Class c8 = void.class;          //空
        Class c9 = Class.class;         //Class自己
        Class c10  = int.class;
        Class c11 = Pop.Kl.class;
        Class c12 = Pop.Sl.class;


        System.out.println("类-->" + c1);
        System.out.println("接口-->" + c2);
        System.out.println("一维数组-->" + c3);
        System.out.println("二维数组-->" + c4);
        System.out.println("注解-->" + c5);
        System.out.println("枚举类型-->" + c6);
        System.out.println("基本数据类型-->" + c7);
        System.out.println("空-->" + c8);
        System.out.println("Class自己-->" + c9);
        System.out.println("Int类型-->" + c10);
        System.out.println("普通内部类-->" + c11);
        System.out.println("静态内部类-->" + c12);

    }

}
class Pop{
    class Kl{

    }
    static class Sl{}
}

三、反射创建对象

package reflect;

import pojo.Person;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class Test03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        try {
            //获取Class对象
            Class c1= Class.forName("pojo.Person");
            //获取无参构造
            Constructor constructor1 = c1.getConstructor();
            //获取有参构造
            Constructor constructor2 = c1.getConstructor(String.class,String.class,int.class);
            Person p1 = (Person)constructor1.newInstance();
            Person p2 = (Person)constructor2.newInstance("张三", "123", 21);
            System.out.println(p1);
            System.out.println(p2);

            //反射获取普通方法
            Method setName = c1.getMethod("setName", String.class);
            setName.invoke(p2,"李四");
            System.out.println(p2);

            //反射获取私有方法
            Method p_setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("p_setName", String.class);
            //关闭安全检测
            p_setName.setAccessible(true);
            p_setName.invoke(p2,"王五");
            System.out.println(p2);

            //反射获取属性
            Field id = c1.getDeclaredField("id");
            id.setAccessible(true);
            id.set(p2,"456");
            System.out.println(p2);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

修改final属性值

package reflect;

import java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class Test04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Class c1 = Class.forName("reflect.Men");
            Constructor constructor = c1.getConstructor();
            Men m1 = (Men)constructor.newInstance();
            Field[] Fields = c1.getDeclaredFields();
            AccessibleObject.setAccessible(Fields,true);
            for (Field field : Fields) {
                String simpleName = field.getType().getSimpleName();
                if("String".equals(simpleName)){
                    field.set(m1,"李四");
                }else if("int".equals(simpleName)){
                    field.set(m1,77);
                }else {
                    field.set(m1,99);
                }
            }
//            name.set(m1,"李四");
//            System.out.println(name.get(m1));
            System.out.println(m1);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
class Men{
    private final String name="张三";
    private final int age=12;
    private final Integer id=23;
    public Men() {
    }

    public String toString() {
        String a = "name="+name+",age="+ age +",id="+ id;
        return a;
    }
}

反编译Men.class

class Men {
    private final String name = "张三";
    private final int age = 12;
    private final Integer id = 23;

    public Men() {
    }

    public String toString() {
        String a = "name=张三,age=12,id=" + this.id;
        return a;
    }
}

成员变量在.class字节码文件没有初始化值的时候，就算用final修饰，一样可以被通过反射之后进行修改