#python学习笔记（十八）#解析JSON

目录

1 JSON结构

2 解析JSON

3 python对象转化成JSON

---

1 JSON结构

▲JSON结构

{
    "name" : "Chuck",
    "phone" : {
        "type" : "intl",
        "number" : "+1 734 303 4456"
    },
    "email" : {
        "hide" : "yes"
    }
}

▲XML结构

<person>
    <name>Chuck</name>
    <phone type="intl">
        +1 734 303 4456
    </phone>
    <email hide="yes" />
</person>

▲JSON与XML的区别：

XML可以在元素中添加attribute属性，如<phone type="intl"> ，而JSON中只有key-value对；

XML中有顶级元素<person>，而JSON最外层为{}

2 解析JSON

▲利用JSON库中的json.load()函数将json转化成python对象解析

▲示例一：

###json转化成字典
import json
data = '''
{
    "name" : "Chuck",
    "phone" : {
        "type" : "intl",
        "number" : "+1 734 303 4456"
    },
    "email" : {
        "hide" : "yes"
    }
}'''

info = json.loads(data)###json.loads解析JSON
print(info)
print(type(info))
print('User count:', len(info))


print('Name', info['name'])
print('phone number', info['phone']['number'])

▲示例二： 

###json转化成列表
import json
data = '''
[
    { "id" : "001",
        "x" : "2",
        "name" : "Chuck"
    } ,
    { "id" : "009",
        "x" : "7",
        "name" : "Brent"
    }
]'''

info = json.loads(data)###json.loads解析JSON
print(info)###info为包含两个字典的列表
print(type(info))###list
print('User count:', len(info))

for item in info:###列表循环输出
    print('Name', item['name'])
    print('Id', item['id'])
    print('Attribute', item['x'])

3 python对象转化成JSON

▲用json.dumps()转换 

▲可以应用于以下对象，Python 对象会被转换为 JSON（JavaScript）等效项：

Python	JSON
dict	Object
list	Array
tuple	Array
str	String
int	Number
float	Number
True	true
False	false
None	null

import json

print(json.dumps({"name": "Bill", "age": 63}))
print(json.dumps(["apple", "bananas"]))
print(json.dumps(("apple", "bananas")))
print(json.dumps("hello"))
print(json.dumps(42))
print(json.dumps(31.76))
print(json.dumps(True))
print(json.dumps(False))
print(json.dumps(None))

▲示例 

###dic转化成json
import json

x = {
  "name": "Bill",
  "age": 63,
  "married": True,
  "divorced": False,
  "children": ("Jennifer","Rory","Phoebe"),
  "pets": None,
  "cars": [
    {"model": "Porsche", "mpg": 38.2},
    {"model": "BMW M5", "mpg": 26.9}
  ]
}

print(json.dumps(x))

输出内容

{"name": "Bill", "age": 63, "married": true, "divorced": false, "children": ["Jennifer", "Rory", "Phoebe"], "pets": null, "cars": [{"model": "Porsche", "mpg": 38.2}, {"model": "BMW M5", "mpg": 26.9}]}

▲上面的实例打印一个 JSON 字符串，但它不是很容易阅读，没有缩进和换行。采用indent参数进行缩进

json.dumps(x, indent=4)

输出内容：

{
    "name": "Bill",
    "age": 63,
    "married": true,
    "divorced": false,
    "children": [
        "Jennifer",
        "Rory",
        "Phoebe"
    ],
    "pets": null,
    "cars": [
        {
            "model": "Porsche",
            "mpg": 38.2
        },
        {
            "model": "BMW M5",
            "mpg": 26.9
        }
    ]
}

▲separators参数定义分隔符，默认值为（", ", ": "），这意味着使用逗号和空格分隔每个对象，使用冒号和空格将键与值分开：

json.dumps(x, indent=4, separators=(". ", " = "))

输出内容：

####.分隔不同对象，=分隔key和values####
{
    "name" = "Bill". 
    "age" = 63. 
    "married" = true. 
    "divorced" = false. 
    "children" = [
        "Jennifer". 
        "Rory". 
        "Phoebe"
    ]. 
    "pets" = null. 
    "cars" = [
        {
            "model" = "Porsche". 
            "mpg" = 38.2
        }. 
        {
            "model" = "BMW M5". 
            "mpg" = 26.9
        }
    ]
}

▲sort_keys=True时对结果进行排序

json.dumps(x, indent=4, sort_keys=True)

输出内容：

{
    "age": 63,
    "cars": [
        {
            "model": "Porsche",
            "mpg": 38.2
        },
        {
            "model": "BMW M5",
            "mpg": 26.9
        }
    ],
    "children": [
        "Jennifer",
        "Rory",
        "Phoebe"
    ],
    "divorced": false,
    "married": true,
    "name": "Bill",
    "pets": null
}