快速搭建linux虚拟机环境

1、虚拟机资源

VMwareWorkstation：Download VMware Workstation Pro

virtualbox：Oracle VM VirtualBox

2、虚拟机系统资源

链接：系统资源链接
提取码：0gat 

说明：此处的系统资源是采用VMwareWorkstation 虚拟机进行制作的，如果采用virtualbox ,需要进行自己制作系统资源，上面的系统资源账号为lxtx 密码为admin123, 也可以自行进行制作系统资源，资源网上搜索一大堆 

下面引用其他博文一篇：

在VMware上安装Linux(CentOS)系统虚拟机，图文教程_vmware虚拟机linux系统安装教程-CSDN博客

3、配置虚拟机网络

3.1 桥接模式

3.1.1 配置虚拟机网卡

进入编辑->虚拟网络编辑器

3.1.2 配置虚拟机 设置

选择需要配置的虚拟机，选择编辑虚拟机设置

3.1.3 配置虚拟机IP

虚拟机开机，采用root账户登录，然后修改网络IP

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
#下面3行需要根据自己的IP地址进行配置
IPADDR=192.168.17.131
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.17.1
DNS1=114.114.114.114
DNS2=8.8.8.8
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
#IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME=ens33
# 此处多个虚拟机都需要唯一
UUID=ac141466-6abf-4780-aaae-9758dbd3e9c2
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
PREFIX=24

设置好后，重启网卡

systemctl restart network

3.2 NAT模式

3.2.1 配置虚拟机网卡

 进入编辑->虚拟网络编辑器

3.2.2 配置虚拟机 设置

选择需要配置的虚拟机，选择编辑虚拟机设置

3.2.3 配置虚拟机IP

 虚拟机开机，采用root账户登录，然后修改网络IP

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
#虚拟机uuid需要保持唯一
UUID="905473de-1c93-457c-bc5a-7a2320111110"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
#NAT模式根据自己配置的虚拟机网段信息进行设置下面4行
IPADDR=192.168.10.131
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.10.2
DNS1=192.168.10.1
DNS2=8.8.8.8

设置好后，重启网卡

systemctl restart network

4、配置Centos环境

4.1 基础配置

##1:配置防火墙，selinux, bridge-nf-call-iptables,ipv4.ip_forward
#查看防火状态
systemctl status firewalld
service iptables status
#暂时关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
service iptables stop
#永久关闭防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld
chkconfig iptables off
##2:关闭selinux,使用如下命令关闭
#临时关闭
[root@localhost ~]# getenforce
Enforcing
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# getenforce
Permissive
#永久关闭：
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=enforcing 改为 SELINUX=disabled

##3:/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
#临时关闭
sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
#永久生效方式：
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

vi /etc/fstab 
注释掉swap


##4:设置系统名称
hostnamectl set-hostname  lxtx

##5:配置DNS
vim /etc/resolv.conf
#国内dns
nameserver 114.114.114.114   
#国外dns
nameserver  8.8.8.8   

##6:生效
sysctl --system 

##7:设置时间同步
#安装ntpdate
yum install ntpdate -y
#设置时区
sudo cp -a /usr/share/zoneinfo/Etc/GMT-8  /etc/localtime
#同步windows时间
ntpdate time.windows.com
#配置crontab 同步时间 --每5小时与Windows同步一次时间
* */5 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate -u time.windows.com
#重启脚本
systemctl reload crond
systemctl restart crond
#检查
systemctl status crond

4.2 k8s需要增加的配置

#k8s需要使用
在master节点添加：
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.17.129 k8s-master
192.168.17.130 k8s-node1
192.168.17.131 k8s-node2
EOF

#k8s需要使用
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF

5、配置yum源

5.1 安装yum

一般centos都带有yum，可以通过 yum list 进行检测是否有yum源，如果没有，进行安装

apt install yum

5.2 备份原始yum源

cd /etc/yum.repos.d

mv CentOS-Base.repo Centos-Base.repo.bak

5.3下载yum源

5.3.1 网易yum源

wget  -O   /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

yum clean all  //清除缓存

yum makecache   //生成缓存

## wget -o ，使用-o参数来指定一个文件名

5.3.2 阿里yum源

wget   -O   /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo    http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

yum clean all

yum makecache

5.3.3 epel yum源

yum -y install epel-release

yum clean all
yum update
yum makecache

5.4处理yum源

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

# 采用 :%s/old/new/g 将$releasever 修改为centos对应的版本
:%s/$releasever/7/g

5.5异常处理

5.5.1 404异常

新yum源中，

http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/

等URL通过http的形式根本无法访问，此时将变量releasever都改为7。感觉这个变量$releasever根本就没起作用呀。

改完之后，执行yum clean all 以及 yum makecache 成功。

采用5.4处理yum源的方式进行替换就OK

5.5.2 yum sleeping

Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
  The other application is: PackageKit
    Memory :  39 M RSS (491 MB VSZ)
    Started: Fri Mar 10 23:05:57 2023 - 00:53 ago
    State  : Sleeping, pid: 9387

ps -ef | grep yum

kill -9 <id>

5.6附修改好的yum源

此处的yum源为阿里源

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
 
[base]
name=CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-7 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-7 - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/contrib/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/contrib/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

6、安装docker

6.1 查看已安装的docker

yum list installed | grep docker

6.2 卸载docker

yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine

6.3 安装docker-CE

6.3.1 安装前置依赖

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

6.3.2更新yum源

yum-config-manager --add-repo \
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
vim docker-ce.repo

# 需要确认docker-ce.repo文件中的版本号
:%s/old($releaserver)/new(7)/g

6.3.3安装docker以及docker-cli

yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

6.3.4配置docker加速

6.3.4.1 阿里云加速

mkdir -p /etc/docker 
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' 
{
    "registry-mirrors":["https://ozz2tqd1.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]

}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload 

6.3.4.2 网易加速

mkdir -p /etc/docker 
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' 
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.com","http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"]
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload 

6.3.5设置docker 开机起动

systemctl enable docker

systemctl restart docker 

7、配置jdk环境

jdk官网：Java Downloads | Oracle

7.1 jdk1.8配置

#创建软件存放路径
mkdir -p /opt/soft
#上传软件包
#解压
tar -zxvf jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz
#配置环境变量
vi /etc/profile

#在文件末尾加入:
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/soft/java/jdk1.8.0_301
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar 

#使profile生效
source /etc/profile

# 验证jdk是否安装成功
java -version

7.2 jdk 17配置

#不同处在文件末尾加入:
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/soft/java/jdk17
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH