基于XML方式的声明式事务
通过在配置文件中配置事务规则的相关声明来实现。用<tx:advice>元素进行配置事务的增强处理,再用AOP配置,让spring自动对目标生成代理。
<tx:advice>的属性有id,用来设置唯一标识符,还有transaction-manager,用来指定事务管理器。其子元素有<tx:method>,它有很多属性,如下:
* name:必选属性,指定了与事务属性相关的方法名,其属性支持使用通配符,如,get,handle*等
* propagation:用于指定事务的传播行为,默认值为REQUIRED
* isolation:用于指定事务的隔离级别,默认值式DEFAULT,其属性值可以是DEFAULT、READ_UNCOMMITTED、READ_COMMITTED、REPEATABLE_READ和SERIALIZABLE
* read-only:用于指定事务是否只读,默认值为false
* timeout:用于指定事务超时的时间,默认值为-1,永不超时
* rollback-for:用于指定触发事务回滚的异常类,指定多个异常类时用英文逗号分隔
* no-rollback-for:用于指定不触发事务回滚的异常类,指定多个异常类时,异常类之间用英文逗号分隔
下面时演示代码
package com.itheima.jdbc;
public class Account {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private Double balance;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public Double getBalance() {
return balance;
}
public void setBalance(Double balance) {
this.balance = balance;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Account [id=" + id +", "
+ "username=" + username +
", balance=" + balance + "]";
}
}
package com.itheima.jdbc;
import java.util.List;
public interface AccountDao {
//添加
public int addAccount(Account account);
//更新
public int updateAccount(Account account);
//删除
public int deleteAccount(int id);
//通过id查询
public Account findAccountById(int id);
//查询所有账户
public List<Account> findAllAccount();
//转账
public void transfer(String outUser, String inUser, Double money);
}
package com.itheima.jdbc;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import java.util.List;
public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao{
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
}
//添加账号
@Override
public int addAccount(Account account) {
//定义SQL
String sql = "insert into account(username,balance) value(?,?)";
//定义数组来存储SQL语句中的参数
Object[] obj = new Object[] {
account.getUsername(),
account.getBalance()
};
//执行添加操作,返回的是受SQL语句影响的记录条数
int num = this.jdbcTemplate.update(sql, obj);
return num;
}
//更新账号
@Override
public int updateAccount(Account account) {
//定义SQL
String sql = "UPDATE account set username=?, balance=? where id=?";
//定义数组来存储SQL语句中的参数
Object[] params = new Object[] {
account.getUsername(),
account.getBalance(),
account.getId()
};
//执行更新操作,返回的是受SQL语句影响的记录条数
int num = this.jdbcTemplate.update(sql, params);
return num;
}
//删除账号
@Override
public int deleteAccount(int id) {
//定义SQL
String sql = "delete from account where id = ?";
//执行删除操作,返回的是受SQL语句影响的记录条数
int num = this.jdbcTemplate.update(sql, id);
return num;
}
//通过id查询账户数据信息
@Override
public Account findAccountById(int id) {
String sql = "select * from account where id = ?";
RowMapper<Account> rowMapper = new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class);
return this.jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, rowMapper, id);
}
//查询所有账号信息
@Override
public List<Account> findAllAccount() {
String sql = "select * from account";
RowMapper<Account> rowMapper = new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class);
return this.jdbcTemplate.query(sql, rowMapper);
}
@Override
public void transfer(String outUser, String inUser, Double money) {
this.jdbcTemplate.update("UPDATE account set balance = balance + ? " +
"WHERE username = ?", money, inUser);
int i = 1/0;
this.jdbcTemplate.update("UPDATE account SET balance = balance-? " +
"WHERE username = ?", money, outUser);
}
}
```
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/spring"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
</bean>
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<bean id="accountDao" class="com.itheima.jdbc.AccountDaoImpl">
<property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>
</bean>
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" isolation="DEFAULT" read-only="false"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="txPointCut" expression="execution(* com.itheima.jdbc.*.*(..))"/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointCut"/>
</aop:config>
</beans>
package com.itheima.jdbc;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TransactionTest {
@Test
public void xmlTest() {
ApplicationContext applicationContext =
new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/itheima/jdbc/applicationContext.xml");
AccountDao accountDao = (AccountDao) applicationContext.getBean("accountDao");
accountDao.transfer("jack", "mike", 10.0);
System.out.println("转账成功!");
}
}
运行测试类之后,会发现抛出0异常之后,数据库的数据还是没有变。
基于Annotation方式的声明式事务
首先在Spring容器中注册事务注解驱动,其代码如下:
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
然后在需要使用事务的Spring Bean类或者Bean类的方法上添加注解@Transactional。如果将注解添加到Bean类上,则表示事务的设置对整个Bean类的方法都起作用。如果将注解添加到Bean类中的某个方法上,则表示事务的设置只对该方法有效。
下面式@Transactional注解的参数以及描述
* value:用于指定使用的事务管理器,默认为“”,
* transactionManager:同value
* isolation:用于指定事务的隔离级别,默认为Isolation.DEFAULT,即底层事务的隔离级别
* noRollbackFor:用于指定遇到特定异常时强制不回滚事务
* noRollbackForClassName:用于指定遇到特定的多个异常时强制不回滚事务,其属性值可以指定多个异常类名
* propagation:用于指定事务的传播行为,默认为Propagation.REQUIRED
* read-only:用于指定事务是否只读,默认为false
* rollbackFor:用于指定遇到特定异常时强制回滚事务
* rollbackForClassName:用于指定遇到多个异常时强制回滚事务,其属性值可以指定多个异常类名
* timeout:用于指定事务的超时时长,默认为TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT,即用于底层事务的默认时间
下面的是演示代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/spring"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
</bean>
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<bean id="accountDao" class="com.itheima.jdbc.AccountDaoImpl">
<property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>
</bean>
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>
把在上面的AccountDaoImpl类的transfer方法上加上@Transactional注解
@Override
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, isolation = Isolation.DEFAULT, readOnly = false)
public void transfer(String outUser, String inUser, Double money) {
this.jdbcTemplate.update("UPDATE account set balance = balance + ? " +
"WHERE username = ?", money, inUser);
int i = 1/0;
this.jdbcTemplate.update("UPDATE account SET balance = balance-? " +
"WHERE username = ?", money, outUser);
}
然后运行上面的测试类方法即可