Object类中clone()方法

1. 使用场景
   当我们需要创建一个对象的副本的时候，并且在改变他们各自的内容的时候互不影响，就可以使用Object类中clone()方法
2. 使用clone()方法需要注意
   需要实现Cloneable接口，否则抛出CloneNotSupportedException
   需要调用super.clone()
   该方法实现"浅拷贝"而不是“深拷贝”
3. “浅拷贝”和“深拷贝”的区别
   浅拷贝：被拷贝的对象中不含有其他实体类对象的引用
   深拷贝：被拷贝对象中含有其他实体类对象的引用，那么这些实体类都需要实现Cloneable接口,实现clone()方法

浅拷贝

/**
 * @Author: 保质期已过
 * @Date: 2020/6/3 22:28
 * Description:
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PUBLIC)
public class Address{

    private String addressName;

}

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor(access=AccessLevel.PUBLIC)
public class Person implements Cloneable {

    private String name;

    private int age;

    //引用类型对象
    private Address address;

    //浅复制
    public Person clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return (Person)super.clone();
    }

}

测试浅拷贝

@org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
    public static void test01() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Address address = new Address("成都");
        Person person = new Person("张三",20,address);
        Person person1 = person.clone();
        System.out.println(person1.toString());
    }

输出
Person(name=张三, age=20, address=Address(addressName=成都))

4.实体类对象拷贝问题
我们看到Address实体类对象的引用，也被复制过来了，其实这里只是复制了引用，并没有创建Address新的副本。执行如下测试代码，但我们在修改拷贝后person对象的Address中的addressName属性值时，拷贝前的person中的Address中的addressName属性值也被更改了

@org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
    public void test02() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Address address = new Address("成都");
        Person person = new Person("张三",20,address);
        Person person1 = person.clone();
        person1.getAddress().setAddressName("武漢");
        System.out.println("拷贝后的person:"+person1.toString());
        System.out.println("拷贝前的person:"+person.toString());
    }

输出
拷贝后的person:Person(name=张三, age=20, address=Address(addressName=成都))
拷贝前的person:Person(name=张三, age=20, address=Address(addressName=武漢))

深拷贝

改造Address类，也实现Cloneable接口，重写clone()方法

/**
 * @Author: 保质期已过
 * @Date: 2020/6/3 22:28
 * Description:
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PUBLIC)
public class Address implements Cloneable{

    private String addressName;

    public Address clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return (Address) super.clone();
    }
}

改造Person类，新增深拷贝的方法

/**
 * @Author: 保质期已过
 * @Date: 2020/6/3 21:45
 * Description:
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor(access=AccessLevel.PUBLIC)
public class Person implements Cloneable {

    private String name;

    private int age;

    //引用类型对象
    private Address address;

    //浅拷贝
    public Person clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return (Person)super.clone();
    }

    //深拷贝
    public Person deepClone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Person person = (Person) super.clone();
        Address newaddress = (Address) address.clone();
        person.address = (Address) address.clone();
        return person;
    }
}

测试深拷贝

@org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
    public void test03() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Address address = new Address("成都");
        Person person = new Person("张三",20,address);
        Person person1 = person.deepClone();
        person1.getAddress().setAddressName("武漢");
        System.out.println("拷贝后的person:"+person1.toString());
        System.out.println("拷贝前的person:"+person.toString());
    }

输出
拷贝后的person:Person(name=张三, age=20, address=Address(addressName=武漢))
拷贝前的person:Person(name=张三, age=20, address=Address(addressName=成都))