【tensorflow2.0】44.结构化建模流程实例（总复习）

    下边来个综合案例，代码来源，数据集是titanic数据集，建模流程查看这里

import numpy as np 
import pandas as pd 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import tensorflow as tf 
from tensorflow.keras import models,layers

dftrain_raw = pd.read_csv('./data/titanic/train.csv')
dftest_raw = pd.read_csv('./data/titanic/test.csv')
#查看前十行数据
dftrain_raw.head(10)

'''
数据预处理：
Survived:0代表死亡，1代表存活【y标签】
Pclass:乘客所持票类，有三种值(1,2,3) 【转换成onehot编码】
Name:乘客姓名 【舍去】
Sex:乘客性别 【转换成bool特征】
Age:乘客年龄(有缺失) 【数值特征，添加“年龄是否缺失”作为辅助特征】
SibSp:乘客兄弟姐妹/配偶的个数(整数值) 【数值特征】
Parch:乘客父母/孩子的个数(整数值)【数值特征】
Ticket:票号(字符串)【舍去】
Fare:乘客所持票的价格(浮点数，0-500不等) 【数值特征】
Cabin:乘客所在船舱(有缺失) 【添加“所在船舱是否缺失”作为辅助特征】
Embarked:乘客登船港口:S、C、Q(有缺失)【转换成onehot编码，四维度 S,C,Q,nan】
'''
def preprocessing(dfdata):

    dfresult= pd.DataFrame()

    #Pclass
    dfPclass = pd.get_dummies(dfdata['Pclass'])
    dfPclass.columns = ['Pclass_' +str(x) for x in dfPclass.columns ]
    dfresult = pd.concat([dfresult,dfPclass],axis = 1)

    #Sex
    dfSex = pd.get_dummies(dfdata['Sex'])
    dfresult = pd.concat([dfresult,dfSex],axis = 1)

    #Age
    dfresult['Age'] = dfdata['Age'].fillna(0)
    dfresult['Age_null'] = pd.isna(dfdata['Age']).astype('int32')

    #SibSp,Parch,Fare
    dfresult['SibSp'] = dfdata['SibSp']
    dfresult['Parch'] = dfdata['Parch']
    dfresult['Fare'] = dfdata['Fare']

    #Carbin
    dfresult['Cabin_null'] =  pd.isna(dfdata['Cabin']).astype('int32')

    #Embarked
    dfEmbarked = pd.get_dummies(dfdata['Embarked'],dummy_na=True)
    dfEmbarked.columns = ['Embarked_' + str(x) for x in dfEmbarked.columns]
    dfresult = pd.concat([dfresult,dfEmbarked],axis = 1)

    return(dfresult)

x_train = preprocessing(dftrain_raw)
y_train = dftrain_raw['Survived'].values

x_test = preprocessing(dftest_raw)
y_test = dftest_raw['Survived'].values

print("x_train.shape =", x_train.shape )
print("x_test.shape =", x_test.shape )
'''
x_train.shape = (712, 15)
x_test.shape = (179, 15)
'''

#定义模型
tf.keras.backend.clear_session()

model = models.Sequential()
model.add(layers.Dense(20,activation = 'relu',input_shape=(15,)))
model.add(layers.Dense(10,activation = 'relu' ))
model.add(layers.Dense(1,activation = 'sigmoid' ))
#查看模型结构
model.summary()
'''
Model: "sequential"
_________________________________________________________________
Layer (type)                 Output Shape              Param #   
=================================================================
dense (Dense)                (None, 20)                320       
_________________________________________________________________
dense_1 (Dense)              (None, 10)                210       
_________________________________________________________________
dense_2 (Dense)              (None, 1)                 11        
=================================================================
Total params: 541
Trainable params: 541
Non-trainable params: 0
_________________________________________________________________
'''
#训练模型
# 二分类问题选择二元交叉熵损失函数
model.compile(optimizer='adam',
            loss='binary_crossentropy',
            metrics=['AUC'])

history = model.fit(x_train,y_train,
                    batch_size= 64,
                    epochs= 30,
                    validation_split=0.2 #分割一部分训练数据用于验证
                   )

'''
只展示最后五个epoch
Epoch 25/30
569/569 [==============================] - 0s 86us/sample - loss: 0.5283 - AUC: 0.8147 - val_loss: 0.5902 - val_AUC: 0.7509
Epoch 26/30
569/569 [==============================] - 0s 67us/sample - loss: 0.5246 - AUC: 0.8196 - val_loss: 0.5845 - val_AUC: 0.7552
Epoch 27/30
569/569 [==============================] - 0s 72us/sample - loss: 0.5205 - AUC: 0.8271 - val_loss: 0.5837 - val_AUC: 0.7584
Epoch 28/30
569/569 [==============================] - 0s 74us/sample - loss: 0.5144 - AUC: 0.8302 - val_loss: 0.5848 - val_AUC: 0.7561
Epoch 29/30
569/569 [==============================] - 0s 77us/sample - loss: 0.5099 - AUC: 0.8326 - val_loss: 0.5809 - val_AUC: 0.7583
Epoch 30/30
569/569 [==============================] - 0s 80us/sample - loss: 0.5071 - AUC: 0.8349 - val_loss: 0.5816 - val_AUC: 0.7605
'''

#评估模型
%matplotlib inline
%config InlineBackend.figure_format = 'svg'

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def plot_metric(history, metric):
    train_metrics = history.history[metric]
    val_metrics = history.history['val_'+metric]
    epochs = range(1, len(train_metrics) + 1)
    plt.plot(epochs, train_metrics, 'bo--')
    plt.plot(epochs, val_metrics, 'ro-')
    plt.title('Training and validation '+ metric)
    plt.xlabel("Epochs")
    plt.ylabel(metric)
    plt.legend(["train_"+metric, 'val_'+metric])
    plt.show()

#查看在测试集上的效果
model.evaluate(x = x_test,y = y_test)
#[0.5191367897907448, 0.8122605]

#使用模型
#预测概率
model.predict(x_test[0:10])
'''
array([[0.26501188],
       [0.40970832],
       [0.44285864],
       [0.78408605],
       [0.47650957],
       [0.43849158],
       [0.27426785],
       [0.5962582 ],
       [0.59476686],
       [0.17882936]], dtype=float32)
'''
#预测类别
model.predict_classes(x_test[0:10])
'''
array([[0],
       [0],
       [0],
       [1],
       [0],
       [0],
       [0],
       [1],
       [1],
       [0]], dtype=int32)
'''

#保存模型及使用
# 保存模型结构及权重

model.save('./data/keras_model.h5')  

del model  #删除现有模型

# identical to the previous one
model = models.load_model('./data/keras_model.h5')
model.evaluate(x_test,y_test)