消息中间件--RabbitMQ学习（十七）---高级特性之死信队列

死信队列:DLX,Dead- Letter- Exchange

• 利用DLX,当消息在一个队列中变成死信( dead message)之后它能被重新 publish到另一个 Exchange,这个 Exchange就是DLX

死信队列消息变成死信有一下几种情况

• 消息被拒绝( basic. reject/ basic nack)并且 requeue= false
• 消息TTL过期
• 队列达到最大长度

死信队列

• DLX也是一个正常的 Exchange,和一般的 Exchange没有区别,它能在任何的队列上被指定,实际上就是设置某个队列的属性
• 当这个队列中有死信时, Rabbitmq就会自动的将这个消息重新发布设置的 Exchange上去,进而被路由到另一个队列
• 可以监听这个队列中消息做相应的处理,这个特性可以弥补 rabbitmq3.0以前支持的 Immediate参数的功能
• 死信队列设置
• 首先需要设置死信队列的 exchange和 queue,然后进行绑定
• Exchange: dix. exchange
• Queue: dix.queue
• Routingkey:#
• 然后我们进行正常声明交换机、队列、绑定,只不过我们需要在队列加上一个参数即可: arguments;put(“x- dead-letter-exchangedlx exchange”)

消费端代码实现

public class Consumer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //1 创建一个connectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.0.159");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        //2通过连接工场创建连接
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3通过connection创建channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        String exchangeName = "test_dlx_exchange";
        String routingKey = "dlx.#";
        String queueName = "test_dlx_queue";

        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName,"topic",true,false,null);
        Map<String,Object> arguments = new HashMap<>();
        //进行死信队列参数的配置
        arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange","dlx.exchange");
        //将死信队列绑定到一个队列上
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName,true,false,false,arguments);
        channel.queueBind(queueName,exchangeName,routingKey);

        //进行死信队列的申明
        channel.exchangeDeclare("dlx.exchange","topic",true,false,null);
        channel.queueDeclare("dlx.queue",true,false,false,null);
        channel.queueBind("dlx.queue","dlx.exchange","#");


        //如果要使用限流方式  必须关闭自动签收下面的false
        channel.basicConsume(queueName,true,new MyConsumer(channel));
    }
}

生产端代码

public class Producter {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //1 创建一个connectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.0.159");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        //2通过连接工场创建连接
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3通过connection创建channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //开启消息的确认模式
        channel.confirmSelect();
        String exchangeName = "test_dlx_exchange";
        String routingKey = "dlx.save";

        //发送消息

//        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName,routingKey,true,null,msg.getBytes());
        for(int i=0;i<1;i++){
            String msg = "hello";
            AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder builder = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder();
            AMQP.BasicProperties properties = builder.expiration("10000")
                    .expiration("10000")
                    .contentEncoding("UTF-8")
                    .deliveryMode(2).build();
            channel.basicPublish(exchangeName,routingKey,true,properties,msg.getBytes());
        }
    }
}

自定义消费者

public class MyConsumer extends DefaultConsumer {
    private Channel channel;
    public MyConsumer(Channel channel) {
        super(channel);
        this.channel=channel;
    }
    @Override
    public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
        System.err.println("consumerTag:  "+consumerTag);
        System.err.println("envelope  "+envelope);
        System.err.println("properties  "+properties);
        System.err.println("body  "+new String(body));
    }
}