vmware虚拟机设置yum源，国内阿里云镜像yum源

实验时需要开启好几台虚拟机（最小化安装），将镜像挂载直接配置yum源，不用将iso拷贝到虚拟机中，减少磁盘占用；

检查是否虚拟机挂载镜像

检查挂载目录是否挂载
查看该目录下是否含有其他文件，如果没有创建目录cdrom，再次将/dev/sr0挂载到该目录下

[root@localhost ~]# cd /media/
[root@localhost media]# ls
cdrom

在其他目录下创建cdrom目录挂载：

[root@localhost ~]# mount -o loop  /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom

再次查看是否挂载成功：

[root@localhost media]# df
/dev/sr0         3654720 3654720         0 100% /media/cdrom
/dev/loop0       3654720 3654720         0 100% /mnt/cdrom

配置yum源：

[root@localhost media]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cat yum.repo 
[rhel7.0]
name=redhat7.0
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom
enable=1   ###1表示启用，0表示不启用
gpgkey=1   ###是否进行gpg校验，1表示检查，0表示不检查
gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
###定义检查gpgkey的地址

查看是否配置完成：

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Cleaning repos: rhel7.0
Cleaning up everything
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
rhel7.0                                                | 4.1 kB     00:00     
(1/2): rhel7.0/group_gz                                  | 134 kB   00:00     
(2/2): rhel7.0/primary_db                                | 3.4 MB   00:00     
repo id                            repo name                            status
rhel7.0                            redhat7.0                            4,305
repolist: 4,305

设置国内阿里云Centos镜像

redhat 默认自带的 yum 源需要注册，才能更新。不花钱更新，需要替换掉redhat的yum源。

检查系统自带的yum包

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -qa | grep yum
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64
yum-utils-1.1.31-24.el7.noarch
yum-langpacks-0.4.2-3.el7.noarch
PackageKit-yum-0.8.9-11.el7.x86_64
yum-3.4.3-118.el7.noarch
yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-4.el7.noarch
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -qa | grep yum | xargs rpm -e --nodeps    ###卸载系统自带的yum包，--nodeps不检查依赖关系
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -qa | grep yum
[root@localhost yum]# rpm -qa | grep python-urlgrabber
python-urlgrabber-3.10-4.el7.noarch
[root@localhost yum]# rpm -qa | grep python-urlgrabber | xargs rpm -e --nodeps[root@localhost yum]# rpm -qa | grep python-urlgrabber

阿里云镜像下载卸载软件

[root@localhost yum]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost yum]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost yum]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost yum]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm

解决报错

rpm -ivh *.rpm时报错，rpm包的版本太低需要进行升级

[root@localhost yum]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/rpm-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost yum]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/rpm-python-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost yum]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/rpm-libs-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost yum]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/rpm-build-libs-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost yum]# ls
rpm-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm-build-libs-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm-libs-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm-python-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost yum]# rpm -Uvh rpm-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm rpm-libs-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm rpm-python-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm rpm-build-libs-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:rpm-libs-4.11.3-32.el7           ################################# [ 13%]
   2:rpm-4.11.3-32.el7                ################################# [ 25%]
   3:rpm-build-libs-4.11.3-32.el7     ################################# [ 38%]
   4:rpm-python-4.11.3-32.el7         ################################# [ 50%]
Cleaning up / removing...
   5:rpm-python-4.11.1-16.el7         ################################# [ 63%]
   6:rpm-build-libs-4.11.1-16.el7     ################################# [ 75%]
   7:rpm-libs-4.11.1-16.el7           ################################# [ 88%]
   8:rpm-4.11.1-16.el7                ################################# [100%]
[root@localhost yum]# rpm -qa | grep rpm 
rpm-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64
rpm-python-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64
rpm-libs-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64
python-deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64
rpm-build-libs-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64

安装下载的阿里云yum包

[root@localhost yum]# rpm -ivh yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch.rpm yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm yum-utils-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7 ################################# [ 25%]
   2:yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-4################################# [ 50%]
   3:yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos         ################################# [ 75%]
   4:yum-utils-1.1.31-45.el7          ################################# [100%]

配置yum源文件

###查看yum.repo.d目录下是否含有yum源配置文件，如果有备份源文件；
[root@localhost yum]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
###下载阿里云的centos镜像文件
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo
###修改yum源配置文件，将$releasever替换为7版本（这个看自己的服务器系统），enable的值修改为0;
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's/$releasever/7/g' CentOS-Base.repo 
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's/enabled=1/enabled=0/g' CentOS-Base.repo 

yum源

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#

[base]
name=CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-7 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-7 - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/contrib/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/contrib/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

清除缓存和缓存元数据

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache