本文详细介绍了如何在Android应用中通过JNI技术调用本地C/C++代码，实现与串口设备的通信。首先，阐述了JNI的概念及其在Android开发中的作用，然后讲解了配置Android工程以支持JNI的方法。接着，重点讲解了C/C++代码中打开、读写及关闭串口的关键步骤，并给出了相应的示例代码。最后，讨论了在实际应用中可能遇到的问题和解决方案，帮助开发者成功地在Android平台上进行串口通信。
SerialTool.c
#include <termios.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <jni.h>
#include "android/log.h"
static const char *TAG="serial_port";
#define LOGI(fmt, args...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, TAG, fmt, ##args)
#define LOGD(fmt, args...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, TAG, fmt, ##args)
#define LOGE(fmt, args...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, TAG, fmt, ##args)
static speed_t getBaudrate(jint baudrate)
{
switch(baudrate) {
case 0: return B0;
case 50: return B50;
case 75: return B75;
case 110: return B110;
case 134: return B134;
case 150: return B150;
case 200: return B200;
case 300: return B300;
case 600: return B600;
case 1200: return B1200;
case 1800: return B1800;
case 2400: return B2400;
case 4800: return B4800;
case 9600: return B9600;
case 19200: return B19200;
case 38400: return B38400;
case 57600: return B57600;
case 115200: return B115200;
case 230400: return B230400;
case 460800: return B460800;
case 500000: return B500000;
case 576000: return B576000;
case 921600: return B921600;
case 1000000: return B1000000;
case 1152000: return B1152000;
case 1500000: return B1500000;
case 2000000: return B2000000;
case 2500000: return B2500000;
case 3000000: return B3000000;
case 3500000: return B3500000;
case 4000000: return B4000000;
default: return -1;
}
}
/*
* Class: cedric_serial_SerialPort
* Method: open
* Signature: (Ljava/lang/String;)V
*/
JNIEXPORT jobject JNICALL Java_com_example_serialtool_SerialPort_open
(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jstring path, jint baudrate)
{
int fd;
speed_t speed;
jobject mFileDescriptor;
/* Check arguments */
{
speed = getBaudrate(baudrate);
if (speed == -1) {
/* TODO: throw an exception */
LOGE("Invalid baudrate");
return NULL;
}
}
/* Opening device */
{
jboolean iscopy;
const char *path_utf = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, path, &iscopy);
LOGD("Opening serial port %s", path_utf);
fd = open(path_utf, O_RDWR);
LOGD("open() fd = %d", fd);
(*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, path, path_utf);
if (fd == -1)
{
/* Throw an exception */
LOGE("Cannot open port");
/* TODO: throw an exception */
return NULL;
}
}
/* Configure device */
{
struct termios cfg;
LOGD("Configuring serial port");
if (tcgetattr(fd, &cfg))
{
LOGE("tcgetattr() failed");
close(fd);
/* TODO: throw an exception */
return NULL;
}
cfmakeraw(&cfg);
cfsetispeed(&cfg, speed);
cfsetospeed(&cfg, speed);
if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &cfg))
{
LOGE("tcsetattr() failed");
close(fd);
/* TODO: throw an exception */
return NULL;
}
}
/* Create a corresponding file descriptor */
{
jclass cFileDescriptor = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/io/FileDescriptor");
jmethodID iFileDescriptor = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, cFileDescriptor, "<init>", "()V");
jfieldID descriptorID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, cFileDescriptor, "descriptor", "I");
mFileDescriptor = (*env)->NewObject(env, cFileDescriptor, iFileDescriptor);
(*env)->SetIntField(env, mFileDescriptor, descriptorID, (jint)fd);
}
return mFileDescriptor;
}
/*
* Class: cedric_serial_SerialPort
* Method: close
* Signature: ()V
*/
JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_example_serialtool_SerialPort_close
(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz)
{
jclass SerialPortClass = (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, thiz);
jclass FileDescriptorClass = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/io/FileDescriptor");
jfieldID mFdID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, SerialPortClass, "mFd", "Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;");
jfieldID descriptorID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, FileDescriptorClass, "descriptor", "I");
jobject mFd = (*env)->GetObjectField(env, thiz, mFdID);
jint descriptor = (*env)->GetIntField(env, mFd, descriptorID);
LOGD("close(fd = %d)", descriptor);
close(descriptor);
}
Android.mk
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := SerialTool
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := SerialTool.c
LOCAL_LDLIBS := -llog
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
SerialPort.java
package com.example.serialtool;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileDescriptor;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import android.util.Log;
public class SerialPort {
private static final String TAG = "SerialPort";
/*
* Do not remove or rename the field mFd: it is used by native method close();
*/
private FileDescriptor mFd;
private FileInputStream mFileInputStream;
private FileOutputStream mFileOutputStream;
public SerialPort(File device, int baudrate) throws SecurityException, IOException {
/* Check access permission */
if (!device.canRead() || !device.canWrite()) {
try {
/* Missing read/write permission, trying to chmod the file */
Process su;
su = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("/system/bin/su");
String cmd = "chmod 777 " + device.getAbsolutePath() + "\n"
+ "exit\n";
su.getOutputStream().write(cmd.getBytes());
if ((su.waitFor() != 0) || !device.canRead()
|| !device.canWrite()) {
throw new SecurityException();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new SecurityException();
}
}
mFd = open(device.getAbsolutePath(), baudrate);
if (mFd == null) {
Log.e(TAG, "native open returns null");
throw new IOException();
}
mFileInputStream = new FileInputStream(mFd);
mFileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(mFd);
}
// Getters and setters
public InputStream getInputStream() {
return mFileInputStream;
}
public OutputStream getOutputStream() {
return mFileOutputStream;
}
// JNI
private native static FileDescriptor open(String path, int baudrate);
public native void close();
static {
System.loadLibrary("SerialTool");
}
}
MainActivity.java
package com.example.serialtool;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.text.format.Formatter;
//import com.huayu.io.SerialPort;
import android.util.Log;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private SerialPort mySerialPort = null;
private EditText sendText;
private EditText baudText;
private EditText portText;
private TextView textStatus;
private TextView textRecv;
private boolean openFlag = false;
private Thread mt;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
sendText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText1);
baudText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText2);
portText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText3);
sendText.setText("this send text");
baudText.setText("19200");
portText.setText("ttyMT0");
textStatus = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView1);
textRecv = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView2);
textStatus.setText("this is status");
textRecv.setText("this is received text");
}
protected final Handler mh = new Handler(){
public void handleMessage(Message msg){
/*
if(textRecv.getText().toString().length() > 256)
textRecv.setText("");
textRecv.append(msg.obj.toString());
*/
textRecv.setText(msg.obj.toString());
}
};
private Runnable mThread = new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run() {
openFlag = true;
InputStream instream = mySerialPort.getInputStream();
long fileLen = 0;
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
List<String> allData = new ArrayList<String>();
final long ROWBYTECOUNT = 64;
while(openFlag)
{
int ia = 0;
try {
ia = instream.available();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
ia = 0;
}
if(ia>0)
{
Log.i("thread", "have byte " + ia);
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
try {
int len = instream.read(buf, 0, ia);
if(len > 0)
{
fileLen += len;
int current=0;
StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
for(int i=0; i<len; i++)
{
current = current<<1+buf[i];
if((i%32!=0)||(i==len-1)){
stringBuffer.append(Integer.toHexString(current)+" ");
current=0;
}
if(i!=0&&i%ROWBYTECOUNT==0){
allData.add(0,stringBuffer.toString()+"\n");
stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
}
}
long time = (System.currentTimeMillis()-startTime)/1000;
if(time>0){
if(stringBuffer.length()>60){
allData.remove(allData.size()-1);
}
long dataLen = fileLen/time;
Message msg = mh.obtainMessage();
String firstLine = time+"s "+Formatter.formatFileSize(getApplicationContext(), dataLen)+"\n";
StringBuffer msgStr = new StringBuffer(firstLine);
for(String lin:allData){
msgStr.append(lin);
}
msg.obj =msgStr.toString();
mh.sendMessage(msg);
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
};
public void onOpen(View v)
{
textStatus.setText("opening");
if(mySerialPort == null)
{
String devname = "/dev/" + portText.getText().toString();
int baud = Integer.parseInt(baudText.getText().toString()); //115200;//baudText.getText();
try {
mySerialPort = new SerialPort(new File(devname), baud);
mt = new Thread(mThread);
mt.start();
textStatus.setText("open ok");
} catch (SecurityException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
textStatus.setText("open ok");
}
else
{
textStatus.setText("serial port already opened!");
}
}
public void onClose(View v)
{
openFlag = false;
textStatus.setText("closing");
if(mySerialPort != null)
{
try {
mySerialPort.getInputStream().close();
mySerialPort.getOutputStream().close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
mySerialPort.close();
mySerialPort = null;
textStatus.setText("close ok");
}
else
{
textStatus.setText("serial port already closed");
}
}
public void onSend(View v)
{
textStatus.setText("onSend");
if(mySerialPort != null)
{
OutputStream outstream = mySerialPort.getOutputStream();
String s = sendText.getText().toString();
try {
outstream.write(s.getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
else
{
textStatus.setText("please do open firstly");
}
}
}
/***************************************************实例2***************************************************/
1.
本地类
TtyNativeControl
package
com.notioni.uart.manager;
import
android.os.Message;
import
android.util.Log;
/**
*
本地方法类
*/
public
class
TtyNativeControl {
private
final
static
String
TAG
=
"TtyNativeControl"
;
static
{
System.
loadLibrary
(
"uart_ctl"
);
}
private
static
final
int
TTY_MSG_RECEIVE
= 1;
private
static
final
int
TTY_CLOSE_DEVICE
=
TTY_MSG_RECEIVE
+1;
private
EventHandler
mEventHandler
;
private
ReceiveCallback
mReceiveCallBack
;
TtyNativeControl(){
mReceiveCallBack
=
null
;
Looper looper;
if
((looper = Looper.
myLooper
()) !=
null
){
mEventHandler
=
new
EventHandler(
this
, looper);
}
else
if
((looper = Looper.
getMainLooper
()) !=
null
){
mEventHandler
=
new
EventHandler(
this
, looper);
}
else
{
mEventHandler
=
null
;
}
native_setup(
new
WeakReference<TtyNativeControl>(
this
));
}
/**
*
打开驱动
*
@return
是否打开成功
*/
public
int
openTty(){
return
_openTty();
}
/**
*
关闭驱动，需要一定时间，所以采用
Handler
机制
*/
public
int
closeTty(){
// mEventHandler.obtainMessage(TTY_CLOSE_DEVICE).sendToTarget();
// return 1;
return
_closeTty();
}
/**
*
发送数据
*
@param
data
*
@return
*/
public
int
sendMsgToTty(
byte
[] data){
return
_sendMsgToTty(data);
}
/**
*
接收数据
*
@param
callback
*/
public
final
void
receiveMsgFromTty(ReceiveCallback callback){
mReceiveCallBack
= callback;
_receiveMsgFromTty();
}
/**
*
设置串口数据位，校验位
,
速率，停止位
*
@param
databits
数据位
取值
位
7
或
8
*
@param
event
校验类型
取值
N ,E, O,
*
@param
speed
速率
取值
2400,4800,9600,115200
*
@param
stopBit
停止位
取值
1
或者
2
*/
public
int
configTty(
int
databits,
char
event,
int
speed,
int
stopBit){
return
_configTty(databits, event, speed, stopBit);
}
/**
*
@param
mode
是否使用原始模式
(Raw Mode)
方式来通讯
取值
0,1,2
说明：
0=nothing,1=Raw mode,2=no raw mode
*
@param
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