1.11、自动化

自动化

一、java 手机自动化

首先new DesertCapabilities(这是一个类)

setCapability – 设置信息

获取appium的驱动对象 new AppiumDriver – 本机IP地址:端口号/wd/hub,前面的设置值信息

driver.findElementById() – 通过id找位置

click() – 点击 ,clear() – 清空 sendKeys() – 填内容

package com.qf.demo;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;

import io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver;

public class DemoAppium {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		DesiredCapabilities desiredCapabilities=new DesiredCapabilities();
	
		desiredCapabilities.setCapability("platformName", "Android");
		desiredCapabilities.setCapability("platformVersion", "21.1.0");
		desiredCapabilities.setCapability("deviceName", "yeshen");
		desiredCapabilities.setCapability("appPackage", "com.qf.day63demo2");
		desiredCapabilities.setCapability("udid", "127.0.0.1:62001");
		desiredCapabilities.setCapability("noReset", "true");
		desiredCapabilities.setCapability("appActivity", ".MainActivity");
		
		//创建android diver的对象
		try {
			AppiumDriver driver = new AppiumDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"), desiredCapabilities);
			
			//找到三国,点击三国
			WebElement sanguo = driver.findElementById("com.qf.day63demo2:id/sanguo");
			sanguo.click();
			Thread.sleep(1000);//睡眠1s
			//使用dricer找到要操作的元素
			//根据id找元素 com.qf.day63demo2:id/btn1
			WebElement ele1 = driver.findElementById("com.qf.day63demo2:id/btn1");
			ele1.click();//点击这个元素
			Thread.sleep(1000);
			WebElement button2 = driver.findElement(By.id("com.qf.day63demo2:id/btn2"));
			button2.click();
			Thread.sleep(1000);
			//找到 输入框 换成太阳
			WebElement edit1 = driver.findElement(By.id("com.qf.day63demo2:id/edit2"));
			edit1.clear();
			edit1.sendKeys("sun");
			
			
			
		} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

查找包名和activity

在cmd中输入 adb logcat > 路径 在夜神中打开一个app ,在cmd中关闭logcat ,打开logcat文件 搜索activityManager

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第一步:导包将jar包导入到项目的lib文件夹下 --选中然后 add to build path

写配置文件

platformName=Android
platformVersion=21.1.0
deviceName=yeshen
appPackage=com.android.contacts
udid=127.0.0.1:62001
noReset=true
appActivity=.activities.PeopleActivity

将一个配置文件写成一个工具类

package tongxunlu;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;

import io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver;

public class PhoneTools {
	public static AppiumDriver getDriver(String filename) {
		AppiumDriver appiumDriver = null;
		Properties properties = new Properties();
		try {
			properties.load(new FileReader(filename));
			HashMap<String, String> map= new HashMap<>();
			Set<Entry<Object, Object>> set = properties.entrySet();
			for (Entry<Object, Object> entry : set) {
				String key = (String) entry.getKey();
				String value = (String) entry.getValue();
				map.put(key, value);				
			}
			DesiredCapabilities desiredCapabilities = new DesiredCapabilities(map);
			appiumDriver = new AppiumDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"), desiredCapabilities);
			
			
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return appiumDriver;
		
		
	}
	public static void clickById(AppiumDriver driver,String id) {
		driver.findElementById(id).click();
	}
	public static void clickByXpath(AppiumDriver driver,String xpath) {
		driver.findElementByXPath(xpath).click();
		
	}
	public static void inputContentByXpath(AppiumDriver driver,String xpath,String content) {
		WebElement ele = driver.findElementByXPath(xpath);
		ele.clear();
		ele.sendKeys(content);
		
		
	}
	public static void inputContentById(AppiumDriver driver,String id,String content) {
		WebElement ele = driver.findElementById(id);
		ele.clear();
		ele.sendKeys(content);
	}
	public static void inputContentByClass(AppiumDriver driver,String classname,String countent) {
		WebElement ele = driver.findElementById(classname);
		ele.clear();
		ele.sendKeys(countent);
	}

}

封装测试(页面)功能

package tongxunlu;

import java.util.List;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

import io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver;

public class PhoneActivity {
	AppiumDriver driver;

	public PhoneActivity(AppiumDriver driver) {
		super();
		this.driver = driver;
	}
	//增加联系人 id com.android.contacts:id/floating_action_button
	public void addContactor(String uname,String utel) {
		PhoneTools.clickById(driver, "com.android.contacts:id/floating_action_button");		
		//class
		List<WebElement> eles = driver.findElementsByClassName("android.widget.EditText");
		eles.get(0).sendKeys(uname);
		eles.get(1).sendKeys(utel);
		//保存 id com.android.contacts:id/menu_save
		PhoneTools.clickById(driver, "com.android.contacts:id/menu_save");	
	}
	//编辑联系人 
	public void editContactor(String uname,String utel) {
		//  //android.widget.TextView[@content-desc="uu"]
		PhoneTools.clickByXpath(driver, "//android.widget.TextView[@content-desc='"+uname+"']");
		// com.android.contacts:id/menu_edit
		PhoneTools.clickById(driver, "com.android.contacts:id/menu_edit");
		//
		List<WebElement> eles = driver.findElementsByClassName("android.widget.EditText");
		eles.get(1).clear();
		eles.get(1).sendKeys(utel);
		// com.android.contacts:id/menu_save
		PhoneTools.clickById(driver, "com.android.contacts:id/menu_save");
	}
	//删除联系人
	public void delcontactor(String uname) {
		PhoneTools.clickByXpath(driver, "//android.widget.TextView[@content-desc='"+uname+"']");
		PhoneTools.clickByXpath(driver, "//android.widget.ImageButton[@content-desc='更多选项']");
		PhoneTools.clickByXpath(driver, "/hierarchy/android.widget.FrameLayout/android.widget.FrameLayout/android.widget.ListView/android.widget.LinearLayout[1]");
		PhoneTools.clickById(driver, "android:id/button1");
	}

}

写测试类

package tongxunlu;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;

import io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver;

public class TestPhone {
	static AppiumDriver driver=null;
	static PhoneActivity activity=null;
	@BeforeClass
	public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
		driver = PhoneTools.getDriver("peizhi.properties");
		activity=new PhoneActivity(driver);
	}

	@AfterClass
	public static void tearDownAfterClass() throws Exception {
	}

	/*@Test
	public void testAddContactor() {
		try {
			activity.addContactor("ww","112233");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
			fail("失败了"+e.getMessage());
		}
		
	}*/
	@Test
	public void testEditContactor(){
		try {
			activity.editContactor("uu", "112233123");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
			fail("失败了"+e.getMessage());
		}
	}

	/*@Test
	public void testDelContactor(){
		try {
			activity.delcontactor("uu");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
			fail("失败了"+e.getMessage());
		}
	}*/
}

driver 的方法

driver.fineElementById

driver.fineElementByClassName/driver.fineElementsByClassName – 找到一个或多个

driver.fineElementByXpath

button.getAttribute() –

写配置文件 – 写工具类 – 封装页面功能 – 写测试类

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二、python 手机自动化
from appium import webdriver


class ContactActivity():
    def __init__(self,driver):
        self.driver = driver
    def add_contact(self,name,tel):
        # 添加联系人
        #self.driver = webdriver.Remote() -- 目的是为了后面写driver的时候会出现函数
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("com.android.contacts:id/floating_action_button").click()
        edits = self.driver.find_elements_by_class_name("android.widget.EditText")
        edits[0].send_keys(name)
        edits[1].send_keys(tel)
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("com.android.contacts:id/menu_save").click()



from beice import ContactActivity
from appium import webdriver

if __name__ == "__main__":
    capability = {
        'platformName': 'Android',
        'platformVersion': '21.1.0',
        'deviceName': 'yeshen',
        'appPackage': 'com.android.contacts',
        'udid': '127.0.0.1:62001',
        'noReset': 'true',
        'appActivity': '.activities.PeopleActivity'
    }
    driver = webdriver.Remote("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub",capability)
    activity = ContactActivity(driver)
    activity.add_contact(name="zz",tel="190876")

web自动化

一、python web自动化

什么是自动化?什么时候使用自动化?什么时候使用手动?

下载浏览器 – 配置驱动 –

json 是什么? – 数据交换格式,用字符串表示js对象的一种格式

jison中的{}是什么意思?-- 一个{} 就是一个json 对象 [] 是一个数组

jison 是键值对 – 每个键值对用,号隔开 – 键和值中间用分号隔开

值可以是简单的数据类型,值也可以是一个对象,也可以是一个数组

Selenium IDE是嵌入到Firefox浏览器中的一个插件,实现简单的浏览器操作的录制与回放功能。(首先打开火狐浏览器 – 菜单 – 扩展和主题 --插件 – 搜索selenium – 选择 Selenium IDE – 选择安装)

selenium IDE – 只能录制你的操作

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1. 8大寻找元素的方式

根据 id 找元素 find_element_by_id()

根据 name 属性值找元素 find_element_by_name()

根据 类名 找元素 find_element_by_class_name()、find_elements_by_class_name()

根据 标签名 找元素 find_element_by_tag_name()、find_elements_by_tag_name()

根据 链接文本 找元素 find_element_by_link_text()、find_elements_by_link_text()

根据 部分连接文本 找元素 find_element_by_partial_link_text()、find_elements_by_partial_link_text()

根据 xpath路径表达式 找元素 find_element_by_xpath()、find_elements_by_xpath

根据 css选择器 找元素 find_elements_by_css_selector()、find_element_by_css_selector()

1.1 根据id找元素

driver.close

#先导包
from selenium import webdriver
import time
#获取火狐driver对象
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
#请求项目地址
driver.get("file:///E:/%E5%86%B3%E6%88%98%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88/08%20%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/day66/testpage/page001.html")
time.sleep(3)
#使用id来寻找
driver.find_element_by_id("btn1").click()
time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()#关闭所有窗口
1.2 根据name(标签属性)找元素
from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("file:///E:/%E5%86%B3%E6%88%98%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88/08%20%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/day66/testpage/page002.html")
driver.find_element_by_name("uname").send_keys("killer")
driver.find_element_by_name("upw").send_keys("999")
time.sleep(5)
driver.quit()
1.3 根据classname类名来找元素

find_element_by_class_name() – 找这个界面第一个符合classname的

find_elements_by_class_name() – 找这个界面中所有符合的

from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("file:///E:/%E5%86%B3%E6%88%98%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88/08%20%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/day66/testpage/page003.html")
ele1 = driver.find_element_by_class_name("wd")
print(ele1.get_attribute("src"))
eles = driver.find_elements_by_class_name("wd")
for ele in eles:
    print(ele.get_attribute("src"))
time.sleep(5)
driver.quit()
1.4 根据tagname 标签名来找元素 tag – 标签的意思

find_element_by_tag_name(“eg:button”) – 找这个界面第一个标签

find_elements_by_tag_name() – 找这个界面中所有标签

from selenium import webdriver
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("file:///E:/%E5%86%B3%E6%88%98%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88/08%20%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/day66/testpage/page004.html")
#driver.find_element_by_tag_name("button").click()
buttons = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name("button")
for button in buttons:
    button.click()
    time.sleep(3)
    driver.switch_to.alert.dismiss()#关闭弹窗
time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()
1.5 根据 linktest 来寻找元素 – 超链接中含有某些字(全包含)

find_element_by_link_text()

find_elements_by_link_text()

from selenium import webdriver
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("file:///E:/%E5%86%B3%E6%88%98%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88/08%20%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/day66/testpage/page005.html")
time.sleep(3)
ele = driver.find_element_by_link_text("明朝那些事")
print(ele.get_attribute("herf"))
ele.click()
time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()
1.6 根据 部分链接文本 模糊匹配 含有 来寻找元素

find_element_by_partial_link_text(value)

find_elements_by_partial_link_text()

from selenium import webdriver
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("file:///E:/%E5%86%B3%E6%88%98%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88/08%20%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/day66/testpage/page006.html")
time.sleep(3)
eles = driver.find_elements_by_partial_link_text("明朝")
for ele in eles:
    print(ele.get_attribute("href"))#获取属性值
time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()
1.7 xpath 模糊匹配要找的元素

driver.refresh()#刷新

from selenium import webdriver
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("file:///E:/%E5%86%B3%E6%88%98%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88/08%20%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/day66/testpage/page007.html")
time.sleep(5)
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//button[@id='img3']").click()
time.sleep(5)
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='div1']/img").click()
time.sleep(5)
driver.refresh()#刷新
time.sleep(5)
imgs = driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//img")
for img in imgs:
    img.click()
    time.sleep(5)
driver.quit()

tomcat

D:\apache-tomcat-7.0.40\webapps\ROOT 里面可以放html文件 直接输入网址127.0.0.1:8080/文件名 就可以直接访问文件

1.8 根据css中选择器来选择元素

css 选择器:标签选择器、类选择器、id选择器

from selenium import webdriver
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("http://127.0.0.1:8080/page008.html")
time.sleep(3)
driver.find_element_by_css_selector("#img1").click()
time.sleep(3)
driver.refresh()
imgs = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(".imgxx")
for img in imgs:
    img.click()
    time.sleep(3)
driver.refresh()
imgkks = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector("img")
for imgkk in imgkks:
    imgkk.click()
    time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()

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2. 页面相关操作

请求某个url      driver.get(url)

刷新页面操作     refresh()

回退到之前的页面   back()

前进到之后的页面   forward()

获取当前访问页面url  current_url

获取当前浏览器标题  title

保存图片       get_screenshot_as_png()/get_screenshot_as_file(file)

网页源码       page_source

from selenium import webdriver
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("file:///E:/test_html/testpage3/testpage01.html")
time.sleep(5)
driver.find_element_by_id("a1").click()
time.sleep(3)
print(driver.title)
print("+++++++++++++++++++++++")
print(driver.current_url)
print("++++++++++++++++++++++++++")
print(driver.page_source)
print("+++++++++++++++++++++++++")
liu = driver.get_screenshot_as_png()
file = open("E:\\zidonghuaceshi_log\\aa.png","wb")
file.write(liu)
time.sleep(3)
driver.forward()#前进到之后的页面
time.sleep(3)
driver.back()#返回
time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()

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3. 出错截图

python 的异常处理

try:

​ pass()#被检测的代码块

except:

​ pass()#出了异常后执行的代码

finally:

​ pass()# 必须执行的代码,一般是扫尾工作

from selenium import webdriver
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("file:///E:/%E5%86%B3%E6%88%98%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88/08%20%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/day66/testpage/page001.html")
time.sleep(5)
try:
    driver.find_element_by_id("a2").click()
except:
    print("==出现异常了==")
    driver.get_screenshot_as_file("E:\\zidonghuaceshi_log\\a.png")
finally:
    driver.quit()
4. 鼠标事件

鼠标操作需要导入类,from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains,然后创建对象ActionChains(driver)

鼠标右击

el = driver.find_element_by_xxx(value)

ActionChains(driver).context_click(el).perform()

鼠标双击

el = driver.find_element_by_xxx(value)

ActionChains(driver).double_click(el).perform()

鼠标悬停

el = driver.find_element_by_xxx(value)

ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(el).perform()

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("file:///E:/test_html/testpage2/testpage01.html")
time.sleep(5)
# 滑动
js = "window.scrollTo(0,1500)"#准备一句js代码,x为水平拖动距离,y为垂直拖动距离
driver.execute_script(js)#用driver来执行js代码
time.sleep(3)

ele = driver.find_element_by_id("btn2")
chains = ActionChains(driver)#创建一个管理鼠标的动作链对象
# 使用动作链来调用鼠标右键
# chains.context_click(ele).perform()
div1 = driver.find_element_by_id("div1")
chains.move_to_element(div1).perform()
time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()
5. 键盘操作

导包 from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

常用键盘操作

send_keys(Keys.BACK_SPACE) 删除键(BackSpace)

send_keys(Keys.SPACE) 空格键(Space)

send_keys(Keys.TAB) 制表键(Tab)

send_keys(Keys.ESCAPE) 回退键(Esc)

send_keys(Keys.ENTER) 回车键(Enter)

send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,‘a’) 全选(Ctrl+A)

send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,‘c’) 复制(Ctrl+C)

send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,‘x’) 剪切(Ctrl+X)

send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,‘v’) 粘贴(Ctrl+V)

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium import webdriver
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("file:///E:/test_html/testpage2/testpage01.html")
time.sleep(5)
in1 = driver.find_element_by_id("in1")
in2 = driver.find_element_by_id("in2")
in1.send_keys("hello")
time.sleep(3)
in1.send_keys(Keys.NUMPAD7)#在后面追加一个数字7
time.sleep(3)
in1.send_keys(Keys.NUMPAD1)#在后面追加一个数字1
time.sleep(3)
in1.send_keys(Keys.BACKSPACE)#删除一个字符
time.sleep(3)
in1.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,'a')# 相当于Ctrl + A 全选
time.sleep(3)
in1.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,'c')#相当于Ctrl + C 复制
time.sleep(3)
in2.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,'v')#相当于Ctrl + v 粘贴
time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()
6. 弹出框

进入到弹出框中  driver.switch_to.alert()

接收警告     accept()

关闭警告     dismiss()

发送文本到警告框 send_keys(data)

from selenium import webdriver
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("file:///E:/test_html/testpage2/testpage03.html")
time.sleep(3)
driver.find_element_by_id("btn1").click()
time.sleep(3)
#先将driver切换到弹窗里面
driver.switch_to.alert.dismiss()#关闭弹窗
time.sleep(3)
driver.find_element_by_id("btn5").click()
time.sleep(3)
driver.switch_to.alert.accept()#接收弹窗
time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()
7.下拉框

导包–from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select

将定位到的下拉框元素传入Select类中  selobj = Select(element)

通过索引选择,index 索引从 0 开始  select_by_index()

通过值选择(option标签的一个属性值)  select_by_value()

通过文本选择(下拉框的值)  select_by_visible_text()

查看所有已选  all_selected_options

查看第一个已选  first_selected_option

查看是否是多选  is_multiple

查看选项元素列表  options

取消选择   deselect_by_index() /deselect_by_value()/ deselect_by_visible_text()

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("file:///E:/test_html/testpage2/testpage01.html")
time.sleep(3)
s1 = driver.find_element_by_id("s1")
sObject = Select(s1)
sObject.select_by_index(3)
time.sleep(3)
sObject.select_by_visible_text("上海")
time.sleep(3)
sObject.select_by_value("xian")
time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()
8. 单选复选框

选项.is_selected() – 判断这个选项有没有选中

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("file:///E:/test_html/testpage2/testpage01.html")
time.sleep(3)
eles = driver.find_elements_by_name("sex")
for ele in eles:
    value = ele.get_attribute("value")
    if value == "woman":
        ele.click()
time.sleep(3)
duoxuans = driver.find_elements_by_name("vv")
for duoxuan in duoxuans:
    value = duoxuan.get_attribute("value")
    xuanze = ["ww","xx","ss"]
    if value in xuanze:
        duoxuan.click()
    time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()
9. cookies (课下了解)

10. 窗体的切换

多标签/多窗口、多表单/多框架切换

多表单/多框架切换

直接使用id值切换进表单(界面中有iframe表单时使用)

  • driver.switch_to.frame(value)

定位到表单元素,再切换进入

el = driver.find_element_by_xxx(value)

driver.switch_to.frame(el)

跳回最外层的页面  driver.switch_to.default_content()

跳回上层的页面  driver.switch_to.parent_frame()

多标签/多窗口之间的切换

获取所有窗口的句柄   handles = driver.window_handles

通过窗口的句柄进入的窗口  driver.switch_to.window(handles[n])

10.1 iframe表单切换
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("file:///E:/test_html/testpage4/page1.html")
time.sleep(5)
driver.find_element_by_id("btn11").click()
frame1 = driver.find_element_by_id("f1")
driver.switch_to.frame(frame1)#进frame
time.sleep(3)
s1 = driver.find_element_by_id("s1")
sObject = Select(s1)
sObject.select_by_index(3)
time.sleep(5)
driver.switch_to.default_content()#出frame
time.sleep(3)
driver.find_element_by_id("btn22").click()
time.sleep(5)
driver.quit()
10.2 窗口跳转

多标签/多窗口之间的切换

获取所有窗口的句柄   handles = driver.window_handles

通过窗口的句柄进入的窗口  driver.switch_to.window(handles[n])

n = -1 是进入到最后一个窗体

从第一个窗体开始下标为0,1,2,3,4,5,。。。。。

也可以倒序取就是。。。,-3,-2,-1

from selenium import webdriver
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("file:///E:/test_html/testpage3/testpage01.html")
time.sleep(3)
driver.find_element_by_id("a1").click()
time.sleep(3)
handles = driver.window_handles#获取窗体历史
driver.switch_to.window(handles[-1])
driver.find_element_by_id("a2").click()
time.sleep(3)
handles = driver.window_handles
driver.switch_to.window(handles[-1])
driver.find_element_by_id("btn5").click()
time.sleep(3)
driver.switch_to.window(handles[0])
time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()
11.js
#使用driver来执行js语句
import time

from selenium import webdriver
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("file:///E:/test_html/testpage2/testpage03.html")
driver.execute_script("window.document.getElementById('btn1').click()")
time.sleep(3)
driver.switch_to.alert.dismiss()
time.sleep(3)
ele1 = driver.find_element_by_id("btn5")
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click()",ele1)
time.sleep(3)
driver.switch_to.alert.dismiss()
time.sleep(3)
img1 = driver.find_element_by_id("img1")
width_value = "200px"
height_value = "200px"
#参数列表用arguments来表示, arguments是所有参数的元组
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].setAttribute('width',arguments[1])",img1,width_value)
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].setAttribute('height',arguments[1])",img1,height_value)
time.sleep(3)
style_content = "border:2px solid red"
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].setAttribute('style',arguments[1])",img1,style_content)
time.sleep(3)
#img1.style.border = "5px solid blue"
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].style.border = '5px solid blue'",img1)
time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()
12.练习
12.1 豆瓣
# https://www.douban.com/
from selenium import webdriver
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("https://www.douban.com/")
time.sleep(3)
driver.find_element_by_link_text("豆瓣电影").click()
time.sleep(3)
handles = driver.window_handles
driver.switch_to.window(handles[-1])
driver.find_element_by_link_text("选电影").click()
time.sleep(3)
handles = driver.window_handles
driver.switch_to.window(handles[-1])
driver.find_element_by_css_selector("label:nth-child(7)").click()
time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()
12.2 豆瓣2
from selenium import webdriver
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("https://movie.douban.com/")
time.sleep(3)
driver.find_element_by_link_text("影讯&购票").click()
time.sleep(3)
ele1 = driver.find_element_by_id("inp-query")
ele1.send_keys("侏罗纪世界3")
time.sleep(3)
driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".inp-btn > input").click()
time.sleep(3)
driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".sc-bZQynM:nth-child(2) .cover").click()
time.sleep(3)
driver.find_element_by_link_text("购票").click()
time.sleep(3)
driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".need-promission > .accept").click()
time.sleep(3)
driver.find_element_by_link_text("万达影城").click()
time.sleep(3)
driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".cinema-cell:nth-child(3) .cinema-address").click()
time.sleep(5)
driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".cinema-cell:nth-child(3) > .buy-btn > a").click()
time.sleep(5)
driver.quit()
13.封装(工具类、)
工具类
# 定义一个工具类
from selenium import webdriver
class Tools_Driver():
    @staticmethod
    #获取页面的driver的方法
    def get_driver_by_page(page_url):
        driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        driver.get(page_url)
        return driver
    #定义一些点击方法
    @staticmethod
    def clickById(driver,id):
        driver.find_element_by_id(id).click()

    @staticmethod
    def clickByXpath(driver,xpath):
        driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath).click()

    @staticmethod
    def clickByCss(driver,css):
        driver.find_element_by_css_selector(css).click()

    @staticmethod
    def clickByLinkTest(driver,link_test):
        driver.find_element_by_link_text(link_test).click()

    @staticmethod
    def sendKeysById(driver,id,value):
        driver.find_element_by_id(id).send_keys(value)

    @staticmethod
    def sendKeysByXpath(driver,xpath,value):
        driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath).send_keys(value)

    @staticmethod
    def closeAlert(driver):
        driver.switch_to.alert.dismiss()
测试功能类

movie

from selenium import webdriver
import time
from Tools.tools_douban import Tools_Driver

class move_douban():
    def __init__(self,driver):
        self.driver = driver

    def gou_piao(self,move_name):
        Tools_Driver.clickByLinkTest(self.driver,"影讯&购票")
        time.sleep(5)
        Tools_Driver.sendKeysById(self.driver,"inp-query",move_name)
        time.sleep(5)
        Tools_Driver.clickByCss(self.driver,".inp-btn > input")
        time.sleep(5)
        Tools_Driver.clickByCss(self.driver,".sc-bZQynM:nth-child(2) .cover")
        time.sleep(5)
        Tools_Driver.clickByCss(self.driver,".ticket-btn")
        time.sleep(5)
        Tools_Driver.clickByCss(self.driver,".need-promission > .accept")
        time.sleep(5)
        Tools_Driver.clickByLinkTest(self.driver,"万达影城")
        time.sleep(5)
        Tools_Driver.clickByCss(self.driver,".cinema-cell:nth-child(3) .cinema-address")
        time.sleep(5)
        Tools_Driver.clickByCss(self.driver,".cinema-cell:nth-child(3) > .buy-btn > a")
        time.sleep(5)
        self.driver.quit()

book

from selenium import webdriver
import time
from Tools.tools_douban import Tools_Driver

class book_douban():
    def __init__(self,driver):
        self.driver = driver

    def sou_zuo_zhe(self,author_name):
        Tools_Driver.sendKeysByXpath(self.driver,"//input[@id='inp-query']",author_name)
        time.sleep(5)
        Tools_Driver.clickByXpath(self.driver,"//input[@value='搜索']")
        time.sleep(5)
        Tools_Driver.clickByXpath(self.driver,"//a[contains(text(),'"+author_name+"')]")
        time.sleep(5)
        self.driver.quit()
测试 test
from selenium import webdriver
from Tools.tools_douban import Tools_Driver
from doubanmove.movedemo import move_douban
from doubanbook.bookdemo import book_douban
import time

if __name__ == "__main__":
    driver_move = Tools_Driver.get_driver_by_page("https://movie.douban.com/")
    movie_page = move_douban(driver_move)
    movie_page.gou_piao("侏罗纪世界3")

    driver_book = Tools_Driver.get_driver_by_page("https://book.douban.com/")
    book_page = book_douban(driver_book)
    book_page.sou_zuo_zhe("贾平凹")
14.单元测试

TestCase

TestSuit – 测试套件

TestRunner –

import unittest

# 单元测试unittest
# 导包
import unittest
#写一个用例类 继承unittest TestCase
class Page01_TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls) -> None:# -> 指明返回值类型
        print("所有用例执行之前")
    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls) -> None:
        print("所有用例执行之后")
    @classmethod
    def setUp(self) -> None:
        print("每个用例执行前")
    @classmethod
    def tearDown(self) -> None:
        print("每个用例执行之后")
    #定义用例放法
    def test_one(self):
        print("测试用例01")
        result = True
        self.assertTrue(result,"实际上是假的")
    def test_two(self):
        print("测试用例02")
        expect = 10
        actual = 10
        self.assertEqual(expect,actual,"测试失败了")
if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()
import unittest
class Page02_TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_page2_test001(self):
        print("page2测试用例01")
        self.assertTrue(True)
    def test_page2_test002(self):
        print("page02测试用例02")
        self.assertEqual(2,13,"测试失败")
    def test_page2_test003(self):
        print("page2测试用例03")
        self.assertEqual(30,30,"测试03失败")
import unittest
from danyuanceshi.test001 import Page01_TestCase
from danyuanceshi.test002 import Page02_TestCase
if __name__ == "__main__":
    suit = unittest.TestSuite()
    suit.addTest(Page01_TestCase("test_one"))
    suit.addTest(Page01_TestCase("test_two"))
    suit.addTest(Page02_TestCase("test_page2_test001"))
    suit.addTest(Page02_TestCase("test_page2_test002"))
    suit.addTest(Page02_TestCase("test_page2_test003"))
    runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
    runner.run(suit)
可以生成报告
import HTMLTestRunner
import unittest
from danyuanceshi.test001 import Page01_TestCase
from danyuanceshi.test002 import Page02_TestCase
if __name__ == "__main__":
    suit = unittest.TestSuite()
    suit.addTest(Page01_TestCase("test_one"))
    suit.addTest(Page01_TestCase("test_two"))
    suit.addTest(Page02_TestCase("test_page2_test001"))
    suit.addTest(Page02_TestCase("test_page2_test002"))
    suit.addTest(Page02_TestCase("test_page2_test003"))
    baogao_file = r"E:\\zidonghuaceshi_log\\a1.html"
    fb = open(baogao_file,"wb")
    html_runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fb,title="自动化测试报告1",description="这是page01和page02的测试报告")
    html_runner.run(suit)
    fb.close()
15.断言 assert
beice
class Page_Gongneng():
    def first_fun(self):
        return False
    def sec_fun(self,a,b):
        return a+b
    def third_fun(self):
        return "hello"
    def forth_fun(self):
        return None
    def five_fun(self):
        return "he"
    def six_fun(self):
        try:
            print("==功能代码===")
            return True
        except:
            return False
测试用例的名字必须以test开头
import unittest
from duanyan.beice import Page_Gongneng
class DanYuan_TestCasre(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_one(self):
        result = Page_Gongneng().first_fun()
        self.assertTrue(result,"测试失败")
    def test_two(self):
        result = Page_Gongneng().sec_fun(2,3)
        self.assertEqual(5,result,"计算错误")
    def test_third(self):
        result = Page_Gongneng().third_fun()
        self.assertIs(result,"hello")
    def test_forth(self):
        result = Page_Gongneng().forth_fun()
        self.assertIsNone(result)
    def test_five(self):
        result = Page_Gongneng().five_fun()
        self.assertIn(result,"hello","不包含")
    def test_five2(self):
        self.assertIn(2,[1,2,3],"不包含")
    def test_da_yu(self):
        self.assertGreater(10,9,"不大于")
    def test_lei_xing(self):
        self.assertIsInstance(3.2,int,"不是int")
    def test_xiaoyu(self):
        slf.assertLess(10,9,"不小于")
16.po模型
1.写父类方法
#定义一个所有页面的父类
#在这个父类中提供子类公有的方法
from selenium import webdriver
class BasePage():
    #构造函数中需要传入driver对象
    def __init__(self,driver:webdriver):
        self.driver = driver
    #根据id点击
    def clickById(self,id):
        self.driver.find_element_by_id(id).click()

    def clickByXpath(self,xpath):
        self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath).click()

    def clickByLinkText(self, linktext):
        self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(linktext).click()

    def sendkeysById(self, id, value):
        self.driver.find_element_by_id(id).send_keys(value)

    def sendkeysByXpath(self, xpath, value):
        self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath).send_keys(value)

    # 关闭alert
    def close_alert(self):
        self.driver.switch_to.alert().dismiss()
2.写功能方法(功能类)
#定义一个读书页面的功能  继承BasePage
#在此类中定义读书页面中所有的功能
from page.basepage import BasePage
from selenium import webdriver
import time
class Page_Book(BasePage):
    def __init__(self,driver):
        super().__init__(driver)
    #查询作者信息的功能
    #定义豆瓣读书的功能
    def sou_suo_zuozhe(self,author_name):
        try:
            self.sendkeysByXpath("//input[@id='inp-query']", author_name)
            time.sleep(5)
            self.clickByXpath("//input[@value='搜索']")
            time.sleep(5)
            self.clickByXpath("//a[contains(text(),'" + author_name + "')]")
            time.sleep(5)
            return True
        except:
            print("+=====测试出现异常了-----")
            return False
        finally:
            self.driver.quit()
    #查询某本书的价钱
    def get_book_price(self,book_name):
        try:
            print("====查询结果=======")
            return 10
        except:
            print("====查询出异常了===")
            return 0
        finally:
            self.driver.quit()
#定义一个movie page
#继承BasePage
from selenium import webdriver
from page.basepage import BasePage
import time
class Page_Movie(BasePage):
    def __init__(self,driver:webdriver):
        super().__init__(driver)

    #定义页面功能
    # 电影购票的功能

    def gou_piao(self, movie_name):
        try:
            self.clickByLinkText( "影讯&购票")
            time.sleep(5)
            self.sendkeysByXpath("//input[@id='inp-query']", movie_name)
            self.clickByXpath("//input[@value='搜索']")
            time.sleep(5)
            self.clickByXpath("//a[contains(text(),'" + movie_name + "')]")
            time.sleep(5)
            self.clickByLinkText("购票")
            time.sleep(5)

            return True
        except:
            print("====测试出现异常了====")
            return False
        finally:
            self.driver.quit()
    def cha_yingYuan(self,yingyuan_name):
        try:
            print("====查影院的功能===")
            return True
        except:
            return False
        finally:
            self.driver.quit()
3.写测试方法(测试类)
#这个用例是对页面PageBook的测试用例
import unittest
from page.dushu import Page_Book
from selenium import webdriver
import time
class Book_Page_TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls) -> None:  # 所有用例执行之前得到页面的对象
        pass

    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls) -> None:
       pass  # 所有用例执行之后关闭页面对象

    def setUp(self) -> None:
        pass

    def tearDown(self) -> None:
        pass
    #测试用例方法
    def test_sou_author(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        self.page_book = Page_Book(self.driver)
        self.driver.get("https://book.douban.com/")
        time.sleep(5)
        jieguo1 = self.page_book.sou_suo_zuozhe("贾平凹")
        self.assertTrue(jieguo1,"========读书页面===测试用例1失败======")
    def test_book_price(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        self.page_book = Page_Book(self.driver)
        self.driver.get("https://book.douban.com/")
        time.sleep(5)
        jieguo2 = self.page_book.get_book_price("狼")
        self.assertLess(jieguo2,50,"====读书页面===测试用例2失败===")
#这个用例是对页面PageMovie的测试用例
import unittest
from page.movie import Page_Movie
from page.dushu import Page_Book
from selenium import webdriver
import time
class Movie_Page_TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls) -> None:#所有用例执行之前得到页面的对象
        pass
    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls) -> None:
        pass#所有用例执行之后关闭页面对象

    def setUp(self) -> None:
        pass
    def tearDown(self) -> None:
        pass

    def test_goupiao(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        self.page_movie = Page_Movie(self.driver)
        self.driver.get("https://movie.douban.com/")
        time.sleep(5)
        jieguo1 = self.page_movie.gou_piao("侏罗纪世界3")
        self.assertTrue(jieguo1,"===电影页面===测试用例1失败======")
    def test_chayingyuan(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        self.page_movie = Page_Movie(self.driver)
        self.driver.get("https://movie.douban.com/")
        time.sleep(5)
        jieguo2 = self.page_movie.cha_yingYuan("万达")
        self.assertTrue(jieguo2,"===电影页面=测试用例2失败====")
4.测试套件
#使用测试套件来完成对所有页面的测试
import unittest
from testcase.movietest import Movie_Page_TestCase
from testcase.booktest import Book_Page_TestCase
import HTMLTestRunner
if __name__ == "__main__":
    suit = unittest.TestSuite()
    suit.addTest(Movie_Page_TestCase("test_goupiao"))
    suit.addTest(Movie_Page_TestCase("test_chayingyuan"))
    suit.addTest(Book_Page_TestCase("test_sou_author"))
    suit.addTest(Book_Page_TestCase("test_book_price"))
    #定义一个带有报告的runner
    baogao_file = r"D:\\2202\\day69\\baogao2.html"#创建一个报告的文件路径
    fb = open(baogao_file,"wb")#以二进制方式打开文件流
    html_runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fb,title="自动化测试的报告2",description="这是豆瓣电影和豆瓣读书的测试报告")
    html_runner.run(suit)
    fb.close()
5 异常
"""
打印异常信息
"""
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchWindowException

try:
    driver = webdriver.Firefox()
    driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")
    #driver.find_element_by_id("kkk").click()
    driver.switch_to.window("windowkkk")
except NoSuchElementException as e:
    print(e)
    e.with_traceback()
except NoSuchWindowException as e:
    print(e)
    e.with_traceback()
6 参数

关键字传参

#参数   不定长参数  *args   1,2,3
#**xxx,xxx会被当做字典进行处理,传参的时候实参必需以key=value的方式进行传参
#**kwargs    a=10  b=3 c=9
def fun1(*args):
    print(args)
    print("====参数列表====")
    for i in range(len(args)):
        print("第%d个参数是%s" % (i+1,args[i]))
fun1(1,2,3)#(1, 2, 3)
fun1(1,"hello",90)
fun1(1,[1,2,3],90)
print("++++++++++++++++++++++++")
def fun2(**kwargs):
    print(kwargs)
    print("====参数列表====")
    for key,value in kwargs.items():
        print("%s ----- %s" %(key,value))
fun2(a=10,b=9,c=90)

"""
a,b=1,c=3,d
1,2,3,4
1,b=3,c=9,9
"""
def fun2(a,c=2):
    pass
def fun1(*args,**kwargs):
    fun2(*args,**kwargs)

"""

"""
def fun1(*args,**kwargs):
    print("====参数列表====")
    for i in args:
        print(i)
    print("+++++++++++++++++++++++")
    for key,value in kwargs.items():
        print("%s===%s" %(key,value))
print("++++++++++++++++++++++++++++")
fun1(1,2)
print("+++++++++++++++")
fun1(1,a=10,c=9)
print("+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++")
fun1(9,a=88,c=19)
7 装饰器

1 闭包

#闭包
def outter():
    def inner():
        print("====闭包功能===")
    return inner
in1 = outter()
in1()
print("+++++++++++++++++++++++++++")
def outter(a):
    def inner():
        print("====%d===" % a)
        return a+1
    return inner
in2 = outter(10)
jieguo1 = in2()
print(jieguo1)
"""
基本的装饰
"""
def fun1():
    print("====功能fun1===")
def outter(f1):
    def inner():
        print("=====fun1前增加功能====")
        f1()
        print("=====fun1后增强功能====")
    return inner
f11 = outter(fun1)
f11()
"""
使用装饰器来完成一个方法的运行时间
"""
import time
#定义一个装饰器
def timmer_fun(f):
    def inner():
        start = time.time()
        print("===装饰器--开始")
        f()
        end = time.time()
        print(end-start)
        print("===装饰器--结束")
        return f
    return inner

@timmer_fun
def fun1():
    print("====fun1===开始===")
    time.sleep(5)
    print("====fun1===end")
fun1()
print("++++++++++++++++++++++++++++")
@timmer_fun
def fun2():
    print("====fun2===开始===")
    time.sleep(10)
    print("====fun2===end")
fun2()
"""
被装饰函数有参数时

"""
import time
#定义一个装饰器
def timer_demo(f):
    def inner(*args,**kwargs):
        print("====装饰器开始====")
        start = time.time()
        f(*args,**kwargs)#可以接收任意参数的方法  也就是说可以装饰所有的方法
        end = time.time()
        print(end-start)
        return f#闭包返回的是被装饰函数的对象
    return inner#装饰器返回的是闭包对象
@timer_demo
def fun1(a):
    print("====fun1===begin===")
    time.sleep(5)
    print("====fun1==end=====")
fun1(10)
print("++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++")
@timer_demo
def fun2(a=2,b=9,c=8):
    print("====fun2===begin===")
    time.sleep(5)
    print("====fun2==end=====")
fun2(10,8,32)
17 参数化
"""
ddt实战
    首先声明一个@ddt,让程序知道我们要使用ddt了
    使用@data来设定待测参数
    使用@unpack来拆分数据,根据“,”来进行拆分
    导入外部数据:@file_data
"""
import unittest
from ddt import ddt,data
@ddt
class Test_Case1(unittest.TestCase):
    @data(1,2,3,4,5)
    def test_one(self,value):
        print(value)
    @data((1,2,3),(4,5,6))
    def test_two(self,value):
        print(value)
"""
@unpack使用:拆分数据,可以拆分列表,元组,字典
"""
import unittest
from ddt import ddt,data,unpack
@ddt
class Test_case2(unittest.TestCase):
    @data(("qq","123"),("ww","222"),("ss","999"))#设计的用例数据
    @unpack#对用例数据进行分解
    def test_one(self,value1,value2):
        print("用户名 %s 密码 %s" %(value1,value2))
    #参数话设计的是字典
    @data({'name':'qq','pw':'123'},{'name':'ww','pw':'222'},{'name':'ss','pw':'999'})
    @unpack
    def test_two(self,name,pw):#定义的就是字典的键
        print("====字典的数据===")
        print(name,pw)

data1.txt

zhangfei,18989899
liubei,128999999

"""
2.读取文件中的内容,填入参数
"""
import unittest
from ddt import ddt,data,unpack,file_data
def read_file():
    params = []#定义一个列表来接收文件内容
    file1 = open("data1.txt","r",encoding="utf-8")
    for line in file1.readlines():
        params.append(line.strip("\n").split(","))
    return params
@ddt
class Test_case3(unittest.TestCase):
    @data(*read_file())
    @unpack
    def test_one(self,name,tel):
        print("+++++++++++++++++++++++")
        print(name,tel)

data2.json

{
“case1”: {“name”: “zhangfei”,“tel”: “19090909”},
“case2”: {“name”: “liubei”,“tel”: “189889888”},
“case3”: {“name”: “guanyu”,“tel”: “168888888”}
}

#参数是json文件
import unittest
from ddt import ddt,data,unpack,file_data
@ddt
class Test_Case1(unittest.TestCase):
    @file_data("data2.json")
    def test_one(self,name,tel):
        print(name,tel)

使用@data来设定待测参数
使用@unpack来拆分数据,根据“,”来进行拆分
导入外部数据:@file_data
“”"
import unittest
from ddt import ddt,data
@ddt
class Test_Case1(unittest.TestCase):
@data(1,2,3,4,5)
def test_one(self,value):
print(value)
@data((1,2,3),(4,5,6))
def test_two(self,value):
print(value)




```python
"""
@unpack使用:拆分数据,可以拆分列表,元组,字典
"""
import unittest
from ddt import ddt,data,unpack
@ddt
class Test_case2(unittest.TestCase):
    @data(("qq","123"),("ww","222"),("ss","999"))#设计的用例数据
    @unpack#对用例数据进行分解
    def test_one(self,value1,value2):
        print("用户名 %s 密码 %s" %(value1,value2))
    #参数话设计的是字典
    @data({'name':'qq','pw':'123'},{'name':'ww','pw':'222'},{'name':'ss','pw':'999'})
    @unpack
    def test_two(self,name,pw):#定义的就是字典的键
        print("====字典的数据===")
        print(name,pw)

data1.txt

zhangfei,18989899
liubei,128999999

"""
2.读取文件中的内容,填入参数
"""
import unittest
from ddt import ddt,data,unpack,file_data
def read_file():
    params = []#定义一个列表来接收文件内容
    file1 = open("data1.txt","r",encoding="utf-8")
    for line in file1.readlines():
        params.append(line.strip("\n").split(","))
    return params
@ddt
class Test_case3(unittest.TestCase):
    @data(*read_file())
    @unpack
    def test_one(self,name,tel):
        print("+++++++++++++++++++++++")
        print(name,tel)

data2.json

{
“case1”: {“name”: “zhangfei”,“tel”: “19090909”},
“case2”: {“name”: “liubei”,“tel”: “189889888”},
“case3”: {“name”: “guanyu”,“tel”: “168888888”}
}

#参数是json文件
import unittest
from ddt import ddt,data,unpack,file_data
@ddt
class Test_Case1(unittest.TestCase):
    @file_data("data2.json")
    def test_one(self,name,tel):
        print(name,tel)
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以下是在 Ubuntu 上搭建 Ansible 自动化运维平台的基本步骤: 1. 安装 Ansible ``` sudo apt update sudo apt install ansible ``` 2. 配置 SSH 连接 Ansible 使用 SSH 连接到远程服务器执行任务,因此需要确保 SSH 连接正常。如果你已经有 SSH 密钥对,可以将公钥分发到远程服务器: ``` ssh-copy-id user@remote_host ``` 如果你没有 SSH 密钥对,可以使用以下命令创建: ``` ssh-keygen ``` 3. 配置 Ansible 主机清单 Ansible 主机清单是一个文本文件,用于列出要管理的远程服务器。可以创建一个名为 `hosts` 的文件,格式如下: ``` [web] web1 ansible_host=192.168.1.10 web2 ansible_host=192.168.1.11 [db] db1 ansible_host=192.168.1.12 db2 ansible_host=192.168.1.13 ``` 在这个示例中,我们定义了两个组(`web` 和 `db`),每个组包含两个远程服务器。`ansible_host` 属性指定了每个服务器的 IP 地址或主机名。 4. 测试 Ansible 连接 可以使用以下命令测试 Ansible 是否可以连接到远程服务器: ``` ansible all -m ping -i hosts ``` 这个命令将向清单文件中的所有服务器发送 `ping` 命令,以测试是否可以连接。如果一切正常,应该会看到类似以下的输出: ``` web1 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } web2 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } db1 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } db2 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } ``` 5. 创建 Ansible 剧本 剧本是 Ansible 中的核心概念,用于描述一系列任务和操作,以便自动化执行。可以创建一个名为 `webserver.yml` 的文件,内容如下: ``` --- - name: Install web server hosts: web become: true tasks: - name: Update apt cache apt: update_cache: yes - name: Install Apache web server apt: name: apache2 state: present ``` 在这个示例中,我们定义了一个名为 `Install web server` 的剧本,它将在 `web` 组的所有服务器上安装 Apache Web 服务器。`become` 属性指定了使用管理员权限执行任务,`tasks` 属性指定了要执行的任务列表。 6. 运行 Ansible 剧本 可以使用以下命令运行 Ansible 剧本: ``` ansible-playbook -i hosts webserver.yml ``` 这个命令将在清单文件中的所有服务器上运行 `webserver.yml` 剧本,以安装 Apache Web 服务器。 以上就是在 Ubuntu 上搭建 Ansible 自动化运维平台的基本步骤。请注意,具体操作方法可能因为不同的环境而有所不同。
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