通过form表单上传图片时,有时候web容器对文件大小的限制会影响我们上传。这时,前端页面可以考虑将图片转换成base64串来实现上传。可参见:vue利用canvas将图片上传到服务器
■ 图片与Base64的互转,其实就是利用了文件流与Base64的互转
文件转换成Base64字符串:读取文件的输入流,因为文件流是字节流,所以要放到byte数组(字节数组,byte取值范围-128~127)里,然后对byte数组做Base64编码,返回字符串。
Base64串转换成文件:对Base64编码的字符串进行Base64解码,得到byte数组,利用文件输出流将byte数据写入到文件。
Talk is cheap, show me the code。直接上代码:
importsun.misc.BASE64Decoder;importsun.misc.BASE64Encoder;import java.io.*;public classImageBase64Converter {/*** 本地文件(图片、excel等)转换成Base64字符串
*
*@paramimgPath*/
public staticString convertFileToBase64(String imgPath) {byte[] data = null;//读取图片字节数组
try{
InputStream in= newFileInputStream(imgPath);
System.out.println("文件大小(字节)="+in.available());
data= new byte[in.available()];
in.read(data);
in.close();
}catch(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}//对字节数组进行Base64编码,得到Base64编码的字符串
BASE64Encoder encoder = newBASE64Encoder();
String base64Str=encoder.encode(data);returnbase64Str;
}/*** 将base64字符串,生成文件*/
public staticFile convertBase64ToFile(String fileBase64String, String filePath, String fileName) {
BufferedOutputStream bos= null;
FileOutputStream fos= null;
File file= null;try{
File dir= newFile(filePath);if (!dir.exists() && dir.isDirectory()) {//判断文件目录是否存在
dir.mkdirs();
}
BASE64Decoder decoder= newBASE64Decoder();byte[] bfile =decoder.decodeBuffer(fileBase64String);
file= new File(filePath + File.separator +fileName);
fos= newFileOutputStream(file);
bos= newBufferedOutputStream(fos);
bos.write(bfile);returnfile;
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();return null;
}finally{if (bos != null) {try{
bos.close();
}catch(IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}if (fos != null) {try{
fos.close();
}catch(IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
testcase:
public static voidmain(String[] args) {
long start =System.currentTimeMillis();
String imgBase64Str= ImageBase64Converter.convertFileToBase64("D:\\Pictures\\科技\\liziqi-李子柒爆红.jpg");//System.out.println("本地图片转换Base64:" + imgBase64Str);
System.out.println("Base64字符串length="+imgBase64Str.length());
ImageBase64Converter.convertBase64ToFile(imgBase64Str,"D:\\Pictures\\科技","test.jpg");
System.out.println("duration:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-start));
start=System.currentTimeMillis();
String fileBase64Str= ImageBase64Converter.convertFileToBase64("D:\\Pictures\\科技\\PayOrderList200109075516581.xlsx");//System.out.println("本地excel转换Base64:" + fileBase64Str);
System.out.println("Base64字符串length="+fileBase64Str.length());
ImageBase64Converter.convertBase64ToFile(fileBase64Str,"D:\\Pictures\\科技","test.xlsx");
System.out.println("duration:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-start));
}
执行结果:
文件大小(字节)=2820811Base64字符串length=3860058duration:244文件大小(字节)=25506Base64字符串length=34902duration:10
提醒一下:获取文件的大小是用FileInputStream实例的available()方法哦,用File实例的length()返回的是0。
如下图,测试方法里图片文件“liziqi-李子柒爆红.jpg”的大小正是2820811字节 ÷1024=2755KB ÷1024=2.68M
■ Fastdfs工具类中的图片上传
FastdfsClientUtil中关于图片上传,有3个重载方法。
public String uploadImageAndCrtThumbImage(MultipartFile myfile) throws Exception
public String uploadImageAndCrtThumbImageByStream(InputStream inputStream,int size,String fileExtName) throws Exception
public String uploadImageAndCrtThumbImageByBase64(String base64ImgData) throws Exception
在这里,我说一下uploadImageAndCrtThumbImageByBase64这个方法。它的入参是一个base64串。注意这个这个参数的值,在base64串的前头有一个前缀,诸如 "data:image/gif;base64,"、"data:image/jpeg;base64,"。其中gif、jpeg是目标图片文件的扩展名。这正适合于前端页面通过base64串来上传图片的场景。
下面贴出来这个方法的实现,一看便知。
importcom.github.tobato.fastdfs.domain.fdfs.StorePath;importcom.github.tobato.fastdfs.exception.FdfsUnsupportStorePathException;importcom.github.tobato.fastdfs.service.FastFileStorageClient;importorg.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;importorg.slf4j.Logger;importorg.slf4j.LoggerFactory;importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;importorg.springframework.stereotype.Component;importorg.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;importsun.misc.BASE64Decoder;importjava.io.ByteArrayInputStream;importjava.io.InputStream;
@Componentpublic classFastdfsClientUtil {private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FastdfsClientUtil.class);
@AutowiredprivateFastFileStorageClient storageClient;//上传文件并生成缩略图
public String uploadImageAndCrtThumbImageByBase64(String base64ImgData) throwsException {
BASE64Decoder decoder= newBASE64Decoder();
String[] base64ImageSplit= base64ImgData.split(",");byte[] result = decoder.decodeBuffer(base64ImageSplit[1]);//解码
String fileExtName = base64ImageSplit[0].substring(base64ImageSplit[0].indexOf("/")+1,base64ImageSplit[0].indexOf(";"));for (int i = 0; i < result.length; ++i) {if (result[i] < 0) {//调整异常数据
result[i] += 256;
}
}
InputStream inputStream= newByteArrayInputStream(result);returnuploadImageAndCrtThumbImageByStream(inputStream, result.length,fileExtName );
}
}
测试用例:
@Testpublic void uploadPng() throwsException {
String imgBase64="/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQEAYABgAAD/7QjCUGhvdG9zaG9wIDMuMAA4QklNA+0AAAAAABAASAAAAAEA\n" +
"AgBIAAAAAQACOEJJTQQNAAAAAAAEAAAAHjhCSU0EGQAAAAAABAAAAB44QklNA/MAAAAAAAkAAAAA\n" +
"AAAAAAEAOEJJTQQKAAAAAAABAAA4QklNJxAAAAAAAAoAAQAAAAAAAAACOEJJTQP1AAAAAABIAC9m\n" +
"ZgABAGxmZgAGAAAAAAABAC9mZgABAKGZmgAGAAAAAAABADIAAAABAFoAAAAGAAAAAAABADUAAAAB\n" +
"AC0AAAAGAAAAAAABOEJJTQP4AAAAAABwAAD/A+gAAAAA\n" +
"/wPoAAAAAP8D6AAAAAD/\n" +......"0HoaKACg80GjvQISijrmjFMD/9k=";
String fileName= fastdfsClientUtil.uploadImageAndCrtThumbImageByBase64("data:image/png;base64,"+imgBase64);
System.out.println("------------" +fileName);//fileName:上传后的文件(含路径):group1/M00/00/20/wKgoVF8hHdSAaRrkAAAlClwx2Hg883.png//访问:http://192.168.40.84:8888/group1/M00/00/20/wKgoVF8hHdSAaRrkAAAlClwx2Hg883.png
}