Linux flush命令使用,Linux常用命令之grep命令用法详解

1.官方简介

grep是linux的常用命令，用于对文件和文本执行重复搜索任务的Unix工具，可以通过grep命令指定特定搜索条件来搜索文件及其内容以获取有用的信息。

Usage: grep [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE]...

Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input.

PATTERN is, by default, a basic regular expression (BRE).

Example: grep -i 'hello world' menu.h main.c

Regexp selection and interpretation:

-E, --extended-regexp PATTERN is an extended regular expression (ERE)

-F, --fixed-strings PATTERN is a set of newline-separated fixed strings

-G, --basic-regexp PATTERN is a basic regular expression (BRE)

-P, --perl-regexp PATTERN is a Perl regular expression

-e, --regexp=PATTERN use PATTERN for matching

-f, --file=FILE obtain PATTERN from FILE

-i, --ignore-case ignore case distinctions

-w, --word-regexp force PATTERN to match only whole words

-x, --line-regexp force PATTERN to match only whole lines

-z, --null-data a data line ends in 0 byte, not newline

Miscellaneous:

-s, --no-messages suppress error messages

-v, --invert-match select non-matching lines

-V, --version display version information and exit

--help display this help text and exit

Output control:

-m, --max-count=NUM stop after NUM matches

-b, --byte-offset print the byte offset with output lines

-n, --line-number print line number with output lines

--line-buffered flush output on every line

-H, --with-filename print the file name for each match

-h, --no-filename suppress the file name prefix on output

--label=LABEL use LABEL as the standard input file name prefix

-o, --only-matching show only the part of a line matching PATTERN

-q, --quiet, --silent suppress all normal output

--binary-files=TYPE assume that binary files are TYPE;

TYPE is 'binary', 'text', or 'without-match'

-a, --text equivalent to --binary-files=text

-I equivalent to --binary-files=without-match

-d, --directories=ACTION how to handle directories;

ACTION is 'read', 'recurse', or 'skip'

-D, --devices=ACTION how to handle devices, FIFOs and sockets;

ACTION is 'read' or 'skip'

-r, --recursive like --directories=recurse

-R, --dereference-recursive

likewise, but follow all symlinks

--include=FILE_PATTERN

search only files that match FILE_PATTERN

--exclude=FILE_PATTERN

skip files and directories matching FILE_PATTERN

--exclude-from=FILE skip files matching any file pattern from FILE

--exclude-dir=PATTERN directories that match PATTERN will be skipped.

-L, --files-without-match print only names of FILEs containing no match

-l, --files-with-matches print only names of FILEs containing matches

-c, --count print only a count of matching lines per FILE

-T, --initial-tab make tabs line up (if needed)

-Z, --null print 0 byte after FILE name

Context control:

-B, --before-context=NUM print NUM lines of leading context

-A, --after-context=NUM print NUM lines of trailing context

-C, --context=NUM print NUM lines of output context

-NUM same as --context=NUM

--group-separator=SEP use SEP as a group separator

--no-group-separator use empty string as a group separator

--color[=WHEN],

--colour[=WHEN] use markers to highlight the matching strings;

WHEN is 'always', 'never', or 'auto'

-U, --binary do not strip CR characters at EOL (MSDOS/Windows)

-u, --unix-byte-offsets report offsets as if CRs were not there

(MSDOS/Windows)

'egrep' means 'grep -E'. 'fgrep' means 'grep -F'.

Direct invocation as either 'egrep' or 'fgrep' is deprecated.

When FILE is -, read standard input. With no FILE, read . if a command-line

-r is given, - otherwise. If fewer than two FILEs are given, assume -h.

Exit status is 0 if any line is selected, 1 otherwise;

if any error occurs and -q is not given, the exit status is 2.

Report bugs to: bug-grep@gnu.org

GNU Grep home page:

General help using GNU software: http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/

我平时也是简单的查看一个用户数据，用于简单的数据校对，最近突然接到分析后台日志的需求，才发现grep用处还是不少的。

比如我们后台日志相当大，要是直接从服务器直接拉取，耗时长占用带宽，所以方案就是直接使用 grep关键字重定向到新的文件中，从14G直接到12M,然后再数据清洗和分析。

2.实战介绍

2.1使用grep命令对多文件中多种文本查询

note :使用egrep命令，可使用扩展的正则表达式

1.多文件

grep 'pattern' file1 file2

2.多文本 ， 关系是OR

egrep 'pattern1|pattern2' *.py

grep -e pattern1 -e pattern2 *.py

grep -E 'pattern1|pattern2' *.doc

例如下面对 对文件中 存在关键字 wordA or wordB进行提取:

grep 'wordA\|wordB' *.py

grep -E 'wordA|wordB' *.doc

grep -e wordA -e wordB *.py

egrep "wordA|wordB" *.c

3.多文本关系是 AND

这里我并没有看到 直接能用的【option】,只能加一层管道符|。

例如：

grep -e pattern1 *.py |grep -e pattern2

2.2完全匹配关键词 -w

grep -w 'warning\|error\|critical' /home/logs

2.3使用-i参数忽略大小写，–color高亮显示匹配结果

egrep -wi --color 'warning|error|critical' /home/logs

2.4递归查找

egrep -Rwi --color 'warning|error' /home/logs/

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