c语言基础

头文件定义

• test.h

#ifndef _TEST_H_
#define _TEST_H_

// 定义韩式
int fac (int n);
char *reverse(char *s);
int test(void);
void ot(void);

#endif

• test.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

// 函数实体

字符串数字互转

# d2s
  ● itoa()：将整型值转换为字符串。

  ● ltoa()：将长整型值转换为字符串。

  ● ultoa()：将无符号长整型值转换为字符串。

  ● gcvt()：将浮点型数转换为字符串，取四舍五入。

  ● ecvt()：将双精度浮点型值转换为字符串，转换结果中不包含十进制小数点。

  ● fcvt()：指定位数为转换精度，其余同ecvt()。

# s2d
  ● atof()：将字符串转换为双精度浮点型值。

  ● atoi()：将字符串转换为整型值。

  ● atol()：将字符串转换为长整型值。

  ● strtod()：将字符串转换为双精度浮点型值，并报告不能被转换的所有剩余数字。

  ● strtol()：将字符串转换为长整值，并报告不能被转换的所有剩余数字。

  ● strtoul()：将字符串转换为无符号长整型值，并报告不能被转换的所有剩余数字。

字节长度

void func(){
    void *vp = NULL;
    char *cp = NULL;
    int *ip = NULL;
    double *dp =NULL;
    
    printf("%d\n", sizeof(*vp));
    printf("%d\n", sizeof(*cp));
    printf("%d\n", sizeof(*ip));
    printf("%d\n", sizeof(*dp));
}

序列迭代

void func(){
    int a[] = {1,2,3,4};
    int i=0;
    int lenth = sizeof(a)/sizeof(typeof(a[0]));
    for(; i<lenth; i++){
        printf("%d\n", a[i]);
    }
}

字符串迭代

void func(){
    char *str = "jaksdjfl";
    // while(*str != '\0')
    // while(*str != (int)NULL)
    while(*str){
        printf("%c\n", *str);
        str++;
    }
}

动态内存列表

void func(){
    int *p = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int)*5);
    *p = 0, p[1] = 1;
    printf("%d %d\n", *p,p[1]);
    free(p);
}

交换数据

void func(){
    int i1 = 10 ,i2 = 20;
    
    int size = sizeof(int);
    void *vp = (void*)malloc(size);    
    memcpy(vp, &i1, size);
    memcpy(&i1, &i2, size);
    memcpy(&i2, vp, size);

    printf("%d %d\n", i1,i2);
}

交换内存

void func(){
    int i1 = 10 ,i2 = 20, *p1 = &i1, *p2 = &i2;
    printf("%d %d\n", p1,p2);
    printf("%d %d\n", i1,i2);

	void *vp = NULL;
    vp = p1;
    p1 = p2;
    p2 = vp;

    printf("%d %d\n", p1,p2);
    printf("%d %d\n", i1,i2);
}

系统程序控制， 移动窗口

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <string.h>



void open(char *path){
    // 同步打开
    // system(path);

    // 异步打开,0:隐藏,1:正常,3:最大化,6:最小化
    ShellExecute(NULL,"open",path,NULL,NULL,1); 
}



void close(char *app){
    char *pre = "taskkill /f /im ";
    int size = strlen(pre) + strlen(app);

    // char cmd[size];
    char *cmd = (char *)malloc(size);
    
    strcpy(cmd, pre);
    strcat(cmd, app);

    system(cmd);
    free(cmd);
}



void moveByRec(HWND win, int y){
    if (y>0){
        SetWindowPos(win, NULL, 0, y, 300, 400, 1);
        Sleep(30);
        moveByRec(win, y-10);
    }
}



void moveByFor(HWND win, int y){
    for(;y>0;y-=10){
        SetWindowPos(win, NULL, 0, y, 300, 400, 1);
        Sleep(30);
    }
}



void moveByWhile(HWND win, int y){
    while(y>0){
        SetWindowPos(win, NULL, 0, y, 300, 400, 1);
        Sleep(30);
        y-=10;
    }
}



void moveByDoWhile(HWND win, int y){
    do{
        SetWindowPos(win, NULL, 0, y, 300, 400, 1);
        Sleep(30);
        y-=10;        
    }
    while(y>0);
}



void moveByGoto(HWND win, int y){
    loop:
    if(y>0){
        SetWindowPos(win, NULL, 0, y, 300, 400, 1);
        Sleep(30);
        y-=10;
        goto loop;  
    }
}



void moveWin(){
    //指针返回窗口编号
    HWND win = FindWindowA("TXGuiFoundation", "QQ");
    if (win == NULL){
        printf("no find the win \n");
    }
    else{
        printf("finded the win \n");
        moveByRec(win, 600);printf("moveByRec\n");
        moveByFor(win, 600);printf("moveByFor\n");
        moveByWhile(win, 600);printf("moveByWhile\n");
        moveByDoWhile(win, 600);printf("moveByDoWhile\n");
        moveByGoto(win, 600);printf("moveByGoto\n");
    }
}



int main(){
    char *path = "D:\\program\\QQ\\Bin\\QQScLauncher.exe";
    printf("opening %s\n", path);
    open(path);
    Sleep(5000); 

    moveWin();
    
    close("QQ.exe");
    return 0;
}

生产随机数

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

void randInt(int size, int *arr, int max){
    time_t ts;
    unsigned int num = time(&ts);// 获取时间, 转换为整数
    srand(num); // 生产随机种子

    int i = 0;
    for(;i<size;i++){
        *(arr+i)=rand()%max;
    }
}

排序算法

void sort(int *arr, int size){
    int i = 0, j;
    void *p = (void*)malloc(sizeof(int)); 
    for(;i<size;i++){
        j = i+1;
        for(;j<size;j++){
            if(arr[i] > arr[j]){
                printf("change pos %d,%d\n", arr[i], arr[j]);
                memcpy(p, arr+i, sizeof(int));
                memcpy(arr+i, arr+j, sizeof(int));
                memcpy(arr+j, p, sizeof(int));
            }
        }
    }
}

二分法查找

int findBin(int tgval, int *arr, int size){
    sort(arr, size);
    int beg = 0, mid, end = size-1;
    while(beg <= end){
        mid = (beg+end)/2;
        printf("beg=%d mid=%d end=%d\n", beg, mid, end);
        if (tgval == arr[mid]){
            printf("find it\n");
            printf("idx=%d,arr[idx]=%d\n",mid, arr[mid]);
            return mid;           
        }else if(tgval > arr[mid]){
            beg = mid+1;
        }else{
            end = mid-1;
        }
    }
}

打印序列

void ptls(int *arr, int lenth){
    printf("[");
    int i=0;
    for(;i<lenth;i++){
        if(i==lenth-1)
            printf("%d",arr[i]);
        else
        	printf("%d,",arr[i]);
    }
    printf("]\n");
}