mysql jpa 不要自动建表_JPA在MySQL中自动建表

JPA(Java Persistence API)是Spring Boot访问关系型数据库的一个标准接口，它使用ORM(Object-Relational Mapping)方式为数据对象建模和实现持久化。当然JAP也可以应用于其它支持Java的开发框架之中。

在JPA中使用MySQL数据库，只要为其进行建模，就可以自动生成表结构，省略了一些数据库设计的工作。而且，当数据模型更改的时候，应用程序也会对表结构进行更新。需要实现这一功能，主要取决你对使用JPA的配置。

例如，我们有一个数据的实体-关系模型如下图所示。

首先，我们创建项目工程，并引入Spring Boot和JPA的依赖。

其中，Spring Boot依赖如下所示：

UTF-8

1.8

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-parent

1.4.2.RELEASE

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-actuator

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-test

test

JPA和MySQL的依赖如下所示：

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-data-jpa

mysql

mysql-connector-java

runtime

现在，可以对实体对象进行建模和持久化设计。

用户实体建模，其中User与Role的多对多关系使用一个关系表user_role来存储：

package com.demo.mysql.entity;

import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;

import javax.persistence.*;

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.List;

@Entity

@Table(name = "user")

public class User implements java.io.Serializable{

@Id

@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)

private Long id;

private String name;

@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")

private Date createdate;

@ManyToMany(cascade = {}, fetch = FetchType.EAGER)

@JoinTable(name = "user_role",

joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "user_id")},

inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "roles_id")})

private List roles;

public User() {

}

public Long getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(Long id) {

this.id = id;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public Date getCreatedate() {

return createdate;

}

public void setCreatedate(Date createdate) {

this.createdate = createdate;

}

public List getRoles() {

return roles;

}

public void setRoles(List roles) {

this.roles = roles;

}

}

角色建模：

package com.demo.mysql.entity;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity

@Table(name = "role")

public class Role implements java.io.Serializable{

@Id

@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)

private Long id;

private String name;

public Role() {

}

public Long getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(Long id) {

this.id = id;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

}

用户实体持久化：

package com.demo.mysql.repository;

import com.demo.mysql.entity.User;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository

public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository {

}

角色实体持久化：

package com.demo.mysql.repository;

import com.demo.mysql.entity.Role;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository

public interface RoleRepository extends JpaRepository {

}

JPA及数据源配置，注意其中一行“hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "update");”，将Hibernate的自动处理设置为“update”，表示表结构更改时即进行更新：

package com.demo.mysql.test;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;

import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;

import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;

import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;

import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.Database;

import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter;

import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import java.util.Properties;

@Configuration

@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "com.**.repository")

public class JpaConfiguration {

@Bean

PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor persistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor(){

return new PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor();

}

@Bean

public DataSource dataSource() {

DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();

dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?characterEncoding=utf8");

dataSource.setUsername("root");

dataSource.setPassword("12345678");

return dataSource;

}

@Bean

public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory() {

LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryBean = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();

entityManagerFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource());

entityManagerFactoryBean.setPackagesToScan("com.**.entity");

entityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaProperties(buildHibernateProperties());

entityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaVendorAdapter(new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter() {{

setDatabase(Database.MYSQL);

}});

return entityManagerFactoryBean;

}

protected Properties buildHibernateProperties()

{

Properties hibernateProperties = new Properties();

hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect");

hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.show_sql", "true");

hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.use_sql_comments", "false");

hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.format_sql", "true");

hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "update");

hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.generate_statistics", "false");

hibernateProperties.setProperty("javax.persistence.validation.mode", "none");

hibernateProperties.setProperty("org.hibernate.envers.store_data_at_delete", "true");

hibernateProperties.setProperty("org.hibernate.envers.global_with_modified_flag", "true");

return hibernateProperties;

}

@Bean

public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {

return new JpaTransactionManager();

}

@Bean

public TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate() {

return new TransactionTemplate(transactionManager());

}

}

测试用例：

package com.demo.mysql.test;

import com.demo.mysql.entity.Role;

import com.demo.mysql.entity.User;

import com.demo.mysql.repository.RoleRepository;

import com.demo.mysql.repository.UserRepository;

import org.junit.Before;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;

import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;

import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;

import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;

import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;

import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import org.springframework.util.Assert;

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.List;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@ContextConfiguration(classes = {JpaConfiguration.class})

public class MysqlTest {

@Autowired

UserRepository userRepository;

@Autowired

RoleRepository roleRepository;

@Before

public void initData(){

Role role = new Role();

role.setName("admins");

roleRepository.save(role);

Assert.notNull(role.getId());

User user = new User();

user.setName("user");

user.setCreatedate(new Date());

List roles = roleRepository.findAll();

user.setRoles(roles);

userRepository.save(user);

Assert.notNull(user.getId());

}

@Test

public void findPage(){

Pageable pageable = new PageRequest(0, 10, new Sort(Sort.Direction.ASC, "id"));

Page page = userRepository.findAll(pageable);

Assert.notNull(page);

}

}

运行通过，在数据库test中即可以看到生成的表，并且具有上面的一些测试数据，如下图：