Python3 格式化字符串
在Python 3.6之前,有两种将Python表达式嵌入到字符串文本中进行格式化的主要方法:%-formatting和str.format()
一、%-formatting
name = "Eric"age= 74
"Hello, %s. You are %s." % (name, age)
注:这种格式不是很好,因为它是冗长的,会导致错误。
二、str.format()
str.format() 在Python 2.6中引入的。
(1)使用str.format(),替换字段用大括号标记:
"Hello, {}. You are {}.".format(name, age)#输出结果:'Hello, Eric. You are 74.'
(2)可以通过引用其索引来以任何顺序引用变量:
"Hello, {1}. You are {0}-{0}.".format(age, name)#输出结果:'Hello, Eric. You are 74-74.'
(3)如果插入变量名称,则会获得额外的能够传递对象的权限,然后在大括号之间引用参数和方法:
person = {'name': 'Eric', 'age': 74}"Hello, {name}. You are {age}.".format(name=person['name'], age=person['age'])#输出结果:'Hello, Eric. You are 74.'
(4)可以使用**来用字典来完成这个巧妙的技巧:
person = {'name': 'Eric', 'age': 74}"Hello, {name}. You are {age}.".format(**person)#输出结果:'Hello, Eric. You are 74.'
注:当处理多个参数和更长的字符串时,str.format()仍然可能非常冗长。
三、f-Strings
f-Strings是在Python 3.6开始加入标准库。也称为“格式化字符串文字”,F字符串是开头有一个f的字符串文字,以及包含表达式的大括号将被其值替换。
(1)f-Strings
name = "Eric"age= 74f"Hello, {name}. You are {age}."
#输出结果:'Hello, Eric. You are 74.'
(2)用大写字母F也是有效的:
name = "Eric"age= 74F"Hello, {name}. You are {age}."
#输出结果:'Hello, Eric. You are 74.'
(3)可以调用函数
name = "Eric"age= 74f"{name.lower()} is funny."
#输出结果:'eric is funny.'
f"{2 * 37}"
#输出结果:'74'
(4)可以使用带有f字符串的类创建对象
classComedian:def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age):
self.first_name=first_name
self.last_name=last_name
self.age=agedef __str__(self):return f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name} is {self.age}."
def __repr__(self):return f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name} is {self.age}. Surprise!"new_comedian= Comedian("Eric", "Idle", "74")
f"{new_comedian}"
#输出结果;'Eric Idle is 74.'
f"{new_comedian!r}"
#输出结果:'Eric Idle is 74. Surprise!'
(5)多行f-string
message = (f"Hi {name}."f"You are a {profession}."f"You were in {affiliation}.")#输出结果:'Hi Eric. You are a comedian. You were in Monty Python.'
message= (f"Hi {name}."
"You are a {profession}."
"You were in {affiliation}.")#输出结果:'Hi Eric. You are a {profession}. You were in {affiliation}.'
(6)使用"""
message = f"""Hi {name}.
You are a {profession}.
You were in {affiliation}."""
#输出结果:'\n Hi Eric. \n You are a comedian. \n You were in Monty Python.\n '
(7)性能
f字符串中的f也可以代表“速度快”。f-字符串是运行时渲染的表达式,而不是常量值。
速度比较:
%%timeit
name= "Eric"age= 74
'%s is %s.' %(name, age)#202 ns ± 2.05 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)
%%timeit
name= "Eric"age= 74
'{} is {}.'.format(name, age)#244 ns ± 5.52 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)
%%timeit
name= "Eric"age= 74
'{name} is {age}.'
#14.4 ns ± 0.0121 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100000000 loops each)
(8)语法正确格式
f"{'Eric Idle'}"
#输出结果:'Eric Idle'
f'{"Eric Idle"}'
#输出结果:'Eric Idle'
f"""Eric Idle"""
#输出结果:'Eric Idle'
f'''Eric Idle'''
#输出结果:'Eric Idle'
f"The \"comedian" is {name}, aged {age}."#输出结果:'The "comedian" is Eric, aged 74.'
(9)字典
字典的键使用单引号,请记住确保对包含键的f字符串使用双引号。
comedian = {'name': 'Eric Idle', 'age': 74}
f"The comedian is {comedian['name']}, aged {comedian['age']}."
#输出结果:'The comedian is Eric Idle, aged 74.'
(10)大括号
为了使字符串出现大括号,您必须使用双大括号:
f"{{74}}"
#输出结果:'{74}'
f"{{{{74}}}}"
#输出结果:'{{74}}'