mysql用户和权限_MySQL用户及权限知识梳理

一、账号用户账号MySQL用户账号组成: 'USER'@'HOST'

USER: 用户名。

HOST: 来源主机地址，IP、主机名、通配符(%和_)。创建用户账号:mysql> CREATE USER 'USER'@'HOST';

mysql> CREATE USER 'USER'@'HOST' IDENTIFIED BY 'PWD';用户重命名:mysql> RENAME USER old_username TO new_username;删除用户:mysql> DROP USER 'USER'@'HOST';

mysql> DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE user=xxx AND host=xxx;修改密码:方式一:

mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'USER'@'HOST'=password('PWD');

方式二:

mysql> ALTER USER 'USER'@'HOST' IDENTIFIED BY 'PWD';

mysql> ALTER USER 'USER'@'HOST' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'PWD';

方式三:

mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET password=PASSWORD('PWD') WHERE user=xxx AND host=xxx;

方式四:

mysqladmin -uxxx -pxxx -hxxx password 'PWD'忘记root密码找回步骤:(1)、重新启动mysqld进程, 添加选项 --skip-grant-tables

# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/my.cnf --skip-grant-tables &> /dev/null &

(2)、修改管理员密码

(3)、关闭mysqld进程, 移除上述选项, 重启mysqld

# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/my.cnf &> /dev/null &清理无用的MySQL用户:mysql> SELECT user,host FROM mysql.user;

mysql> DROP USER "root"@"::1"

mysql> DROP USER ""@"localhost"

......

mysql> flush privileges;

二、权限添加授权:方法一：

mysql> CREATE USER 'USER'@'HOST' IDENTIFIED BY 'PWD';

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON dbname.* TO 'USER'@'HOST';

方法二：

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON dbname.* TO 'USER'@'HOST' IDENTIFIED BY 'PWD';查看指定用户授权:mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR CURRENT_USER;

mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'USER'@'HOST';回收权限:mysql> REVOKE priv_type,... ON dbname.* FROM 'USER'@'HOST';线上环境用户授权建议:权限控制:

主库权限: select,insert,update,delete

从库权限: select

mysql> GRANT select,insert,update,delete ON db_name.* TO 'USER'@'HOST' IDENTIFIED BY 'PWD';

mysql> GRANT select ON db_name.* TO 'USER'@'HOST' IDENTIFIED BY 'PWD';用户设置:

方案一: 用户名密码都一样，仅有服务器HOST不一样

主库: 用户名username, 密码pwd, 端口3306, 服务器HOST host1

从库: 用户名username, 密码pwd, 端口3306, 服务器HOST host2

方案一: 用户名密码都不一样，服务器HOST不一样

主库: 用户名username_rw, 密码pwd1, 端口3306, 服务器HOST host1

从库: 用户名username_r, 密码pwd2, 端口3306, 服务器HOST host2