开启混淆_三轮闯关带你搞懂TKT易混淆术语，你能过几关？

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作为剑桥系列中含金量很高的教师资格考试之一，TKT一直受到了各个学段英语老师的极大关注。而无论备考哪个模块，教学术语(terms)的重要性均不言而喻。与此同时，很多教学术语对于以中文为母语的我们来说是生僻且不易牢记的。那么该如何记住这些易混淆的教学术语呢？下面我们就一起来看看！

阅读时间：4分钟

第二期TKT群打卡营活动已经完美收官

很多小伙伴都坚持打卡

兑换到了自己心仪的课程

还有很多小伙伴意犹未尽

没关系

本次TKT考试最后一期打卡营马上就要开始

11月1日不见不散

特别要说的是

我们每期打卡的知识点和福利都不重复哦

具体打卡规则不变

戳链接回顾

《TKT学习打卡营第二期即将开启，21天解锁备考福利！》

言归正传

本期文章内容中

笔者整理出十二组易混淆的教学术语

分享给大家

有兴趣的老师们可以尝试一下

看看是否能把这些术语全部分清

现在，第一轮闯关开始！

Spot the difference- Round 1

1.error & slip

2.rhythm & rhyme

3.coherence&cohesion

4.ICQs & CCQs

第一轮回血瓶呈上1

error & slip

•error: A mistake that a learner makes when trying to say something above their level of language or language processing.

•slip: A slip is a mistake that a learner makes but they are able to correct themselves.

懒人宝典：error是因为不知道而犯的错误，学生无法自我修正；slip是因为粗心等原因在自己会的地方犯了错误，学生有能力自我修正。

2

rhythm & rhyme

•rhythm: The rhythm of speech is the way that some words in a sentence are emphasised or stressed to produce a regular pattern.

e.g. ‘If I were YOU, I’d go by BUS.

•rhyme: Words that sound similar because they have the same ending.

e.g. ‘hat’, ‘cat’; or a song or poem with words that sound the same at the end of each line.

e.g. ‘I believe I can fly. I believe I can touch the sky.

懒人宝典：rhythm的含义偏向于节奏和节拍；rhyme在考试里的释义为同韵词或者押韵诗歌。

3

coherence & cohesion

•coherence: When ideas in a spoken or written text fit together clearly and smoothly, and so are logical and make sense to the listener or reader.

•cohesion: The way spoken or written texts are joined together with logical grammar or lexis.

懒人宝典：coherence是指逻辑的连贯，比如观点和论证是否合理易懂；cohesion偏语言的衔接，比如替换指代、连接词使用等。

请大家读一读下面这段例子，看它缺少的是coherence还是cohesion呢？

Beijing is a wonderful city. I have many friends who live there and most of them enjoy their lives. However, one of them, named Lucy,complained to me about the pollution in the capital. She said the government should make some effort to deal with it, and I agreed with her.

4

ICQs & CCQs

•ICQs—Instruction Checking Questions: Questions used after a teacher has given instructions to make sure students have understood what they need to do.

•CCQ—Concept (Checking) Questions: Questions asked by the teacher to make sure that a learner has understood the meaning of new language.

懒人宝典：ICQs跟在课堂指令之后，检查学生是否清楚教师要求他们做什么；CCQs跟在知识点之后，用于检测学生是否理解了新的知识。

接下来，继续第二轮升级打怪啦！

Spot the difference- Round 2

5.formative assessment & summative assessment

6.hyponym & superordinate

7.homophone & homonym

8.listen/read for detail & intensive 

listening/reading

第二轮回血瓶呈上5

formative assement & summative assement

•formative assessment: When a teacher uses information on learners’ progress during a course to adapt their teaching and/or to give learners feedback on their learning.

•summative assessment: A type of assessment done at the end of a course where the focus is on learners receiving a grade for their work rather than receiving feedback on their progress.

懒人宝典：formative assessment重在授课过程中，其反馈可以支持学生后续学习；summative assessment重结果而非反馈，即课程结束后学生的成绩。

6

hyponym & superordinate

•hyponym: Hyponyms are words that are examples of a particular type or category.

e.g. ‘potatoes, carrots, peas’ are hyponyms of ‘vegetables’; ‘chair, table, sideboard’ are hyponyms of ‘furniture’.

•superordinate: A superordinate is a general word which is the name for a category/ type of thing.

e.g. ‘vehicle’ is the superordinate for ‘car, bus, train, bike’ etc.

懒人宝典：一言以蔽之，hyponym是下义词，superordinate是上义词。

(也可称之hypernym，但不在TKT考察范围内)。

7

homophone & homonym

•homophone: A word which sounds the same as another word, but has a different meaning or spelling, e.g. knew(past simple of ‘know’) and new.

•homonym: A word with the same spelling and pronunciation as another word, but which has a different meaning, e.g. bit (past tense of ‘bite’) and a bit (a little).

懒人宝典：在TKT中，homophone指的是同音字，只要发音相同，拼写异同均可；homonym的释义为同音同形异义字。

8

listen/read for detail & intensive listening/reading

•listen/read for detail: To listen to or read a text in order to understand most of what it says or particular details.

•intensive listening/reading: Listening or reading to focus on how language is used in a text. This is how intensive listening/reading is used in TKT.

懒人宝典：两者都是精读，但目的不同。前者是以理解内容(主旨大意或者具体细节)为主，而后者则是以语言学习为主。

让我们一鼓作气，进行最后一轮闯关！

Spot the difference- Round 3

9.anaphoric reference, cataphoric 

reference

exophoric reference

10.phrasal verb & collocation

11.minimal pair & false friend

12.word class, word family, lexical set

第三轮回血瓶呈上9

anaphoric reference,cataphoric reference,exophoric reference

•anaphoric reference: Reference to something that occurs earlier in the text.

•cataphoric reference: Reference to something that occurs later in the text.

•exophoric reference: Reference to something that is outside the text.

懒人宝典：这三个术语均为指代，区别主要是指代对象的位置不同。附赠顺口溜一句：ana前，cata后，文中没有exo。

10

collocation & phrasal verb

•collocation: Words which are regularly used together. The relation between the words may be grammatical as well as lexical, e.g. ‘make a plan’, or ‘wrong way’ NOT ‘incorrect way’.

•phrasal verb: A phrasal verb is a type of multiword verb which is made up of a verb + a particle,。

e.g. look after – A mother looks after her children.

懒人宝典：collocation也就是我们常说的“词伙”，是比较常见的词语搭配习惯，其组合方式较为多样。

phrasal verbs是动词+副词and/or介词组合，这样的组合形成了一个新的含义，不能由其中每个单词的含义推论得出。

11

minimal pair & false friends

•minimal pair: A minimal pair is a pair of words which differ from each other by only one meaningful sound (or phoneme).

e.g. hit (/hɪt/) and heat (/hi:t/).

•false friends: Words in different languages which look or sound similar but have different meanings.

e.g. In French, ‘librairie’ is a place where people can buy books. In English, a library is where you may go to borrow books rather than a bookshop.

懒人宝典：minimal pair指的是只有单个发音不同的一对词，可以是一处元音不同，也可以是一处辅音不同。

false friends是在不同语言里发音或字形类似，但其实意思不同的词。比如，法语、德语和英文之间有大量的false friends存在。

当然，在中文和日文中也有许多例子，比如“湯”、“先生”。老师们知道它们在日语分别是什么意思吗？

12

word calss,word family,lexical set

•word class: One of the grammatical groups into which words are divided depending on their use, such as noun, verb and adjective.

•word family: A group of words that come from the same root or base word, e.g. ‘economy, economist, economic’.

•lexical set: A group of words or phrases that are about the same content topic or subject.

e.g. ‘weather’ – ‘storm, to rain, wind, cloudy’.

懒人宝典：word class想必大家不陌生，它的另一个名字叫part of speech，也就是词性。

word family指的是同根系列词，包含这个词本身以及因前缀后缀等变形而成的词。

而在TKT中，lexical set是同一个话题涵盖的各种词语，它可以是之前提到的hyponyms，也可以是这个话题有关的其他表达。

恭喜各位老师成功登顶！撒花！

虽然教学术语的记忆过程比较枯燥乏味，但是熟知术语可以给老师们带来很多好处。 除了最直接地能帮助备考TKT之外，我们还可以通过这些术语 查找到更多优质的资源 ，甚至可以思考如何将这些看似高冷的术语理解消化并结合到真实的教学实践之中。

比如判断学生的错误是error还是slip，可以帮助选择纠错方式；在讲授cohesive devices的同时，如何兼顾逻辑的培养；再比如将minimal pairs应用到发音讲授中，诸如此类。

如果你还有更多问题

还可以来听我们TKT全模块核心概念精讲

参加打卡营活动完成指定天数可兑换

不方便参加活动的小伙伴

也可以直接购买学习哦

好了，今天的分享就到这里。老师们还知道哪些易混淆或是很难的教学术语？或者有任何想说的，欢迎在评论区留言。

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