python创建字符串数组、且字符串长度可以定义,如何创建一个任意长度字符串的numpy数组？...

I'm a complete rookie to Python, but it seems like a given string is able to be (effectively) arbitrary length. i.e. you can take a string str and keeping adding to it: str += "some stuff...". Is there a way to make an array of such strings?

When I try this, each element only stores a single character

strArr = numpy.empty(10, dtype='string')

for i in range(0,10)

strArr[i] = "test"

On the other hand, I know I can initialize an array of certain length strings, i.e.

strArr = numpy.empty(10, dtype='s256')

which can store 10 strings of up to 256 characters.

解决方案

You can do so by creating an array of dtype=object. If you try to assign a long string to a normal numpy array, it truncates the string:

>>> a = numpy.array(['apples', 'foobar', 'cowboy'])

>>> a[2] = 'bananas'

>>> a

array(['apples', 'foobar', 'banana'],

dtype='|S6')

But when you use dtype=object, you get an array of python object references. So you can have all the behaviors of python strings:

>>> a = numpy.array(['apples', 'foobar', 'cowboy'], dtype=object)

>>> a

array([apples, foobar, cowboy], dtype=object)

>>> a[2] = 'bananas'

>>> a

array([apples, foobar, bananas], dtype=object)

Indeed, because it's an array of objects, you can assign any kind of python object to the array:

>>> a[2] = {1:2, 3:4}

>>> a

array([apples, foobar, {1: 2, 3: 4}], dtype=object)

However, this undoes a lot of the benefits of using numpy, which is so fast because it works on large contiguous blocks of raw memory. Working with python objects adds a lot of overhead. A simple example:

>>> a = numpy.array(['abba' for _ in range(10000)])

>>> b = numpy.array(['abba' for _ in range(10000)], dtype=object)

>>> %timeit a.copy()

100000 loops, best of 3: 2.51 us per loop

>>> %timeit b.copy()

10000 loops, best of 3: 48.4 us per loop