python difflib详解_在 Python 中使用 difflib 比较字符串

用 Shell 写程序还是不方便，今天用 Python 把昨天写的 Bash 脚本重写了，遇到两个关于字符串的个小问题：

1、做个类似 diff 工具的效果，大致指出两个字符串的不同之处，这个可以用 difflib 模块解决。

!/usr/bin/python

import difflib

text1 = """http://www.vpsee.com is a website which is dedicated for

building scalable websites on cloud platforms. The keywords are: Linux, Mac,

Cloud Computing, C, Python, MySQL, Nginx, VPS, Performance, Scalability,

Architecture, ..., etc. Have fun!"""

text1_lines = text1.splitlines()

text2 = """http://VPSee.com is a website which is dedicated for

building scalable websites on cloud platforms. The keywords are: Linux, Mac,

Cloud Computing, C, Python, MySQL, Nginx, VPS, Performance, Scalability,

Programming, Optimisation, Architecture, ... , etc. Have fun !"""

text2_lines = text2.splitlines()

d = difflib.Differ()

diff = d.compare(text1_lines, text2_lines)

print '\n'.join(list(diff))

程序运行结果如下：

- http://www.vpsee.com is a website which is dedicated for

? ^^^^^^^

+ http://VPSee.com is a website which is dedicated for

? ^^^

building scalable websites on cloud platforms. The keywords are: Linux, Mac,

Cloud Computing, C, Python, MySQL, Nginx, VPS, Performance, Scalability,

- Architecture, ..., etc. Have fun!

+ Programming, Optimisation, Architecture, ... , etc. Have fun !

2、如何比较两个字符串，并且忽略大小写、空白字符、TAB 制表符、换行等。这个很容易解决，把字符串转换成小写后 split，然后以空格为分隔符 join 在一起。

#!/usr/bin/python

a = " \t\n\n a B C d\t\n\n\n"

b = "\t\t\n\n a b c D\n\n\n\n"

s1 = a.lower()

s1 = ' '.join(s1.split())

s2 = b.lower()

s2 = ' '.join(s2.split())

if s1 == s1:

print "=="

else:

print "!="