Tornado版本6.0.4。基本使用方法:
import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web
# 定义一个web.RequestHandler的子类
# get函数负责处理定位到该RequestHandler中的HTTP GET请求
class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
self.write('Hello World!')
# 返回web.Application对象
# 第一个参数URL路由映射
def my_app():
return tornado.web.Application([
(r'/', MainHandler), # 匹配根路径
(r'/index', MainHandler), # 匹配/index
(r'/index/page', MainHandler), # 匹配/index/page
# 以/index/开头的任何URL,括号中的内容会当作参数传给处理器
# 匹配/index/abc,/index/book,/index/100等
(r'/index/([^/]+)', MainHandler),
# 匹配/index,/index/
(r'/index/([^/]*)', MainHandler),
])
def main():
app = my_app()
# 服务器监听端口
app.listen(8888)
# 函数一直运行不退出,用于处理完所有的客户端访问
tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
定义路由映射的时候可以使用正则,括号的内容会以参数的形式传递给RequestHandler的get函数:
from tornado.web import RequestHandler
from tornado.web import Application
import tornado.ioloop
class MainHandler(RequestHandler):
def initialize(self, username):
# 获取路由中定义的参数
self.username = username
print(username)
def prepare(self):
print('数据库初始化')
def get(self):
# 客户端IP
ip = self.request.remote_ip
# 请求的主机地址
host = self.request.host
print(ip, host)
self.write('hello %s ,your ip is :%s , your host is %s' % (self.username, ip, host))
def post(self):
pass
def on_finish(self) -> None:
print('执行数据库关闭,清理对象占用内存')
application = Application(
[(r'/get', MainHandler, dict(username='eyujun'))]
)
def main():
application.listen(888)
tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
异步化和协程化,官方不推荐使用@tornado.web.asynchronous装饰器,并且在Tornado 6.0中将其删除。改用协程。
import tornado.web
import tornado.httpclient
import tornado.ioloop
class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
# 异步化
@tornado.web.asynchronous
def get(self):
http = tornado.httpclient.AsyncHTTPClient()
http.fetch('https://www.e1yu.com', callable(self.on_response))
def on_response(self, response):
if response.error: raise tornado.web.HTTPError
self.write(response.body)
self.finish()
class MyHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
# 协程化
@tornado.web.gen.coroutine
def get(self):
http = tornado.httpclient.AsyncHTTPClient()
response = yield http.fetch('https://www.e1yu.com')
self.write(response.body)
application = tornado.web.Application(
[(r'/get1', MainHandler), (r'/get2', MyHandler)]
)
def main():
application.listen(888)
tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Cookie处理,修改设置cookie,cookie可以在浏览器的响应头信息中看到
import tornado.web
import tornado.httpclient
import tornado.ioloop
session_id = 1
class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
# 协程化
@tornado.web.gen.coroutine
def get(self):
# 首次访问不存在session,为用户设置一个session
if not self.get_cookie('session'):
self.set_cookie('session', str(session_id))
self.write('hello !your session got a new session!')
else:
# 第二次访问,已经设置由session
self.write('your session was set!')
application = tornado.web.Application(
[(r'/get', MainHandler)]
)
def main():
application.listen(888)
tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
对cookie进行加密处理,在浏览器显示的响应头中是加密后的session:
import tornado.web
import tornado.httpclient
import tornado.ioloop
session_id = 1
class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
# 协程化
@tornado.web.gen.coroutine
def get(self):
global session_id
if not self.get_secure_cookie('session'):
self.set_secure_cookie('session', str(session_id))
self.write('hello !your session got a new session!')
else:
self.write('your session was set! ')
# cookie_secret 的值是cookie的加密密钥
application = tornado.web.Application(
[(r'/get', MainHandler)], cookie_secret='SECRET_DONT_LEAK'
)
def main():
application.listen(888)
tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
未经允许不得转载:作者:鳄鱼君,
转载或复制请以 超链接形式 并注明出处 鳄鱼君。