java ocr 验证码识别算法_java 验证码识别 ocr

本程序是将http://ykf.iteye.com/blog/212431整理得到。

Java编写的验证码识别程序

简介：通过java处理图片，将图片去除干扰等，转成黑白图，然后采用OCR识别

正确率：与验证码简易程度有关，只有干扰点的效果比较好

代码结构如下图：

Src:java源码

Img：java将验证码转换成黑白图的存放目录

Lib：所需要的jar包

Tesseract：ocr相关资源包

主要包括下边几个类：

ImageFilter.java

package com.goma.readimage;

import java.awt.Color;

import java.awt.Graphics2D;

import java.awt.color.ColorSpace;

import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;

import java.awt.image.AffineTransformOp;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

import java.awt.image.ColorConvertOp;

import java.awt.image.ColorModel;

import java.awt.image.MemoryImageSource;

import java.awt.image.PixelGrabber;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.Map;

public class ImageFilter {

private BufferedImage image;

private int iw, ih; //图片宽度、高度

private int[] pixels; //像素

public ImageFilter(BufferedImage image) {

this.image = image;

iw = image.getWidth();

ih = image.getHeight();

pixels = new int[iw * ih];

}

/** 图像二值化 */

public BufferedImage changeGrey() {

PixelGrabber pg = new PixelGrabber(image.getSource(), 0, 0, iw, ih,pixels, 0, iw);

try {

pg.grabPixels();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

// 设定二值化的域值，默认值为100

int grey = 150;

// 对图像进行二值化处理，Alpha值保持不变

ColorModel cm = ColorModel.getRGBdefault();

for (int i = 0; i < iw * ih; i++) {

int red, green, blue;

int alpha = cm.getAlpha(pixels[i]);

if (cm.getRed(pixels[i]) > grey) {

red = 255;

} else {

red = 0;

}

if (cm.getGreen(pixels[i]) > grey) {

green = 255;

} else {

green = 0;

}

if (cm.getBlue(pixels[i]) > grey) {

blue = 255;

} else {

blue = 0;

}

pixels[i] = alpha << 24 | red << 16 | green << 8 | blue;

}

// 将数组中的象素产生一个图像

return ImageIOHelper.imageProducerToBufferedImage(new MemoryImageSource(iw, ih,pixels, 0, iw));

}

/** 提升清晰度,进行锐化 */

public BufferedImage sharp() {

PixelGrabber pg = new PixelGrabber(image.getSource(), 0, 0, iw, ih,

pixels, 0, iw);

try {

pg.grabPixels();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

// 象素的中间变量

int tempPixels[] = new int[iw * ih];

for (int i = 0; i < iw * ih; i++) {

tempPixels[i] = pixels[i];

}

// 对图像进行尖锐化处理，Alpha值保持不变

ColorModel cm = ColorModel.getRGBdefault();

for (int i = 1; i < ih - 1; i++) {

for (int j = 1; j < iw - 1; j++) {

int alpha = cm.getAlpha(pixels[i * iw + j]);

// 对图像进行尖锐化

int red6 = cm.getRed(pixels[i * iw + j + 1]);

int red5 = cm.getRed(pixels[i * iw + j]);

int red8 = cm.getRed(pixels[(i + 1) * iw + j]);

int sharpRed = Math.abs(red6 - red5) + Math.abs(red8 - red5);

int green5 = cm.getGreen(pixels[i * iw + j]);

int green6 = cm.getGreen(pixels[i * iw + j + 1]);

int green8 = cm.getGreen(pixels[(i + 1) * iw + j]);

int sharpGreen = Math.abs(green6 - green5)

+ Math.abs(green8 - green5);

int blue5 = cm.getBlue(pixels[i * iw + j]);

int blue6 = cm.getBlue(pixels[i * iw + j + 1]);

int blue8 = cm.getBlue(pixels[(i + 1) * iw + j]);

int sharpBlue = Math.abs(blue6 - blue5)

+ Math.abs(blue8 - blue5);

if (sharpRed > 255) {

sharpRed = 255;

}

if (sharpGreen > 255) {

sharpGreen = 255;

}

if (sharpBlue > 255) {

sharpBlue = 255;

}

tempPixels[i * iw + j] = alpha << 24 | sharpRed << 16

| sharpGreen << 8 | sharpBlue;

}

}

// 将数组中的象素产生一个图像

return ImageIOHelper

.imageProducerToBufferedImage(new MemoryImageSource(iw, ih,

tempPixels, 0, iw));

}

public static int isWhite(int colorInt) {

Color color = new Color(colorInt);

if (color.getRed() + color.getGreen() + color.getBlue() > 600) {

return 1;

}

return 0;

}

public BufferedImage removeBackgroud(){

BufferedImage img = this.image;

img = img.getSubimage(1, 1, img.getWidth() - 2, img.getHeight() - 2);

int width = img.getWidth();

int height = img.getHeight();

double subWidth = (double) width / 5.0;

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

Mapmap = new HashMap();

for (int x = (int) (1 + i * subWidth); x < (i + 1) * subWidth && x < width - 1; ++x) {

for (int y = 0; y < height; ++y) {

if (isWhite(img.getRGB(x, y)) == 1)

continue;

if (map.containsKey(img.getRGB(x, y))) {

map.put(img.getRGB(x, y), map.get(img.getRGB(x, y)) + 1);

} else {

map.put(img.getRGB(x, y), 1);

}

}

}

int max = 0;

int colorMax = 0;

for (Integer color : map.keySet()) {

if (max < map.get(color)) {

max = map.get(color);

colorMax = color;

}

}

for (int x = (int) (1 + i * subWidth); x < (i + 1) * subWidth && x < width - 1; ++x) {

for (int y = 0; y < height; ++y) {

if (img.getRGB(x, y) != colorMax) {

img.setRGB(x, y, Color.WHITE.getRGB());

} else {

img.setRGB(x, y, Color.BLACK.getRGB());

}

}

}

}

return img;

}

/** 中值滤波 */

public BufferedImage median() {

PixelGrabber pg = new PixelGrabber(image.getSource(), 0, 0, iw, ih,

pixels, 0, iw);

try {

pg.grabPixels();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

// 对图像进行中值滤波，Alpha值保持不变

ColorModel cm = ColorModel.getRGBdefault();

for (int i = 1; i < ih - 1; i++) {

for (int j = 1; j < iw - 1; j++) {

int red, green, blue;

int alpha = cm.getAlpha(pixels[i * iw + j]);

//int red2 = cm.getRed(pixels[(i - 1) * iw + j]);

int red4 = cm.getRed(pixels[i * iw + j - 1]);

int red5 = cm.getRed(pixels[i * iw + j]);

int red6 = cm.getRed(pixels[i * iw + j + 1]);

//int red8 = cm.getRed(pixels[(i + 1) * iw + j]);

// 水平方向进行中值滤波

if (red4 >= red5) {

if (red5 >= red6) {

red = red5;

} else {

if (red4 >= red6) {

red = red6;

} else {

red = red4;

}

}

} else {

if (red4 > red6) {

red = red4;

} else {

if (red5 > red6) {

red = red6;

} else {

red = red5;

}

}

}

// int green2 = cm.getGreen(pixels[(i - 1) * iw + j]);

int green4 = cm.getGreen(pixels[i * iw + j - 1]);

int green5 = cm.getGreen(pixels[i * iw + j]);

int green6 = cm.getGreen(pixels[i * iw + j + 1]);

// int green8 = cm.getGreen(pixels[(i + 1) * iw + j]);

// 水平方向进行中值滤波

if (green4 >= green5) {

if (green5 >= green6) {

green = green5;

} else {

if (green4 >= green6) {

green = green6;

} else {

green = green4;

}

}

} else {

if (green4 > green6) {

green = green4;

} else {

if (green5 > green6) {

green = green6;

} else {

green = green5;

}

}

}

// int blue2 = cm.getBlue(pixels[(i - 1) * iw + j]);

int blue4 = cm.getBlue(pixels[i * iw + j - 1]);

int blue5 = cm.getBlue(pixels[i * iw + j]);

int blue6 = cm.getBlue(pixels[i * iw + j + 1]);

// int blue8 = cm.getBlue(pixels[(i + 1) * iw + j]);

// 水平方向进行中值滤波

if (blue4 >= blue5) {

if (blue5 >= blue6) {

blue = blue5;

} else {

if (blue4 >= blue6) {

blue = blue6;

} else {

blue = blue4;

}

}

} else {

if (blue4 > blue6) {

blue = blue4;

} else {

if (blue5 > blue6) {

blue = blue6;

} else {

blue = blue5;

}

}

}

pixels[i * iw + j] = alpha << 24 | red << 16 | green << 8

| blue;

}

}

// 将数组中的象素产生一个图像

return ImageIOHelper

.imageProducerToBufferedImage(new MemoryImageSource(iw, ih,

pixels, 0, iw));

}

/** 线性灰度变换 */

public BufferedImage lineGrey() {

PixelGrabber pg = new PixelGrabber(image.getSource(), 0, 0, iw, ih,

pixels, 0, iw);

try {

pg.grabPixels();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

// 对图像进行进行线性拉伸，Alpha值保持不变

ColorModel cm = ColorModel.getRGBdefault();

for (int i = 0; i < iw * ih; i++) {

int alpha = cm.getAlpha(pixels[i]);

int red = cm.getRed(pixels[i]);

int green = cm.getGreen(pixels[i]);

int blue = cm.getBlue(pixels[i]);

// 增加了图像的亮度

red = (int) (1.1 * red + 30);

green = (int) (1.1 * green + 30);

blue = (int) (1.1 * blue + 30);

if (red >= 255) {

red = 255;

}

if (green >= 255) {

green = 255;

}

if (blue >= 255) {

blue = 255;

}

pixels[i] = alpha << 24 | red << 16 | green << 8 | blue;

}

// 将数组中的象素产生一个图像

return ImageIOHelper

.imageProducerToBufferedImage(new MemoryImageSource(iw, ih,

pixels, 0, iw));

}

/** 转换为黑白灰度图 */

public BufferedImage grayFilter() {

ColorSpace cs = ColorSpace.getInstance(ColorSpace.CS_GRAY);

ColorConvertOp op = new ColorConvertOp(cs, null);

return op.filter(image, null);

}

/** 平滑缩放 */

public BufferedImage scaling(double s) {

AffineTransform tx = new AffineTransform();

tx.scale(s, s);

AffineTransformOp op = new AffineTransformOp(tx,

AffineTransformOp.TYPE_BILINEAR);

return op.filter(image, null);

}

public BufferedImage scale(Float s) {

int srcW = image.getWidth();

int srcH = image.getHeight();

int newW = Math.round(srcW * s);

int newH = Math.round(srcH * s);

// 先做水平方向上的伸缩变换

BufferedImage tmp = new BufferedImage(newW, newH, image.getType());

Graphics2D g = tmp.createGraphics();

for (int x = 0; x < newW; x++) {

g.setClip(x, 0, 1, srcH);

// 按比例放缩

g.drawImage(image, x - x * srcW / newW, 0, null);

}

// 再做垂直方向上的伸缩变换

BufferedImage dst = new BufferedImage(newW, newH, image.getType());

g = dst.createGraphics();

for (int y = 0; y < newH; y++) {

g.setClip(0, y, newW, 1);

// 按比例放缩

g.drawImage(tmp, 0, y - y * srcH / newH, null);

}

return dst;

}

}

ImageIOHelper.java

package com.goma.readimage;

import java.awt.Graphics2D;

import java.awt.Image;

import java.awt.Toolkit;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

import java.awt.image.DataBufferByte;

import java.awt.image.ImageProducer;

import java.awt.image.WritableRaster;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.Locale;

import javax.imageio.IIOImage;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import javax.imageio.ImageReader;

import javax.imageio.ImageWriteParam;

import javax.imageio.ImageWriter;

import javax.imageio.metadata.IIOMetadata;

import javax.imageio.stream.ImageInputStream;

import javax.imageio.stream.ImageOutputStream;

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

import com.sun.media.imageio.plugins.tiff.TIFFImageWriteParam;

public class ImageIOHelper {

public ImageIOHelper() {

}

public static File createImage(File imageFile, String imageFormat) {

File tempFile = null;

try {

Iteratorreaders = ImageIO

.getImageReadersByFormatName(imageFormat);

ImageReader reader = readers.next();

ImageInputStream iis = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(imageFile);

reader.setInput(iis);

// Read the stream metadata

IIOMetadata streamMetadata = reader.getStreamMetadata();

// Set up the writeParam

TIFFImageWriteParam tiffWriteParam = new TIFFImageWriteParam(

Locale.US);

tiffWriteParam.setCompressionMode(ImageWriteParam.MODE_DISABLED);

// Get tif writer and set output to file

Iteratorwriters = ImageIO

.getImageWritersByFormatName("tiff");

ImageWriter writer = writers.next();

BufferedImage bi = reader.read(0);

IIOImage image = new IIOImage(bi, null, reader.getImageMetadata(0));

tempFile = tempImageFile(imageFile);

ImageOutputStream ios = ImageIO.createImageOutputStream(tempFile);

writer.setOutput(ios);

writer.write(streamMetadata, image, tiffWriteParam);

ios.close();

writer.dispose();

reader.dispose();

} catch (Exception exc) {

exc.printStackTrace();

}

return tempFile;

}

public static File createImage(BufferedImage bi) {

File tempFile = null;

try {

tempFile = File.createTempFile("tempImageFile", ".tif");

tempFile.deleteOnExit();

TIFFImageWriteParam tiffWriteParam = new TIFFImageWriteParam(

Locale.US);

tiffWriteParam.setCompressionMode(ImageWriteParam.MODE_DISABLED);

// Get tif writer and set output to file

Iteratorwriters = ImageIO

.getImageWritersByFormatName("tiff");

ImageWriter writer = writers.next();

IIOImage image = new IIOImage(bi, null, null);

tempFile = tempImageFile(tempFile);

ImageOutputStream ios = ImageIO.createImageOutputStream(tempFile);

writer.setOutput(ios);

writer.write(null, image, tiffWriteParam);

ios.close();

writer.dispose();

} catch (Exception exc) {

exc.printStackTrace();

}

return tempFile;

}

public static File tempImageFile(File imageFile) {

String path = imageFile.getPath();

StringBuffer strB = new StringBuffer(path);

strB.insert(path.lastIndexOf('.'), 0);

return new File(strB.toString().replaceFirst("(?<=\\.)(\\w+)$", "tif"));

}

public static BufferedImage getImage(File imageFile) {

BufferedImage al = null;

try {

String imageFileName = imageFile.getName();

String imageFormat = imageFileName.substring(imageFileName

.lastIndexOf('.') + 1);

Iteratorreaders = ImageIO

.getImageReadersByFormatName(imageFormat);

ImageReader reader = readers.next();

if (reader == null) {

JOptionPane

.showConfirmDialog(null,

"Need to install JAI Image I/O package.\nhttps://jai-imageio.dev.java.net");

return null;

}

ImageInputStream iis = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(imageFile);

reader.setInput(iis);

al = reader.read(0);

reader.dispose();

} catch (IOException ioe) {

System.err.println(ioe.getMessage());

} catch (Exception e) {

System.err.println(e.getMessage());

}

return al;

}

public static BufferedImage imageToBufferedImage(Image image) {

BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(image.getWidth(null),

image.getHeight(null), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

Graphics2D g = bufferedImage.createGraphics();

g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);

return bufferedImage;

}

public static BufferedImage imageProducerToBufferedImage(

ImageProducer imageProducer) {

return imageToBufferedImage(Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createImage(

imageProducer));

}

public static byte[] image_byte_data(BufferedImage image) {

WritableRaster raster = image.getRaster();

DataBufferByte buffer = (DataBufferByte) raster.getDataBuffer();

return buffer.getData();

}

}

OCR.java

package com.goma.readimage;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class OCR {

protected transient final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());

private final String LANG_OPTION = "-l";

private final String EOL = System.getProperty("line.separator");

private String tessPath = new File("tesseract").getAbsolutePath();

public String recognizeText(File imageFile, String imageFormat)

throws Exception {

File tempImage = ImageIOHelper.createImage(imageFile, imageFormat);

File outputFile = new File(imageFile.getParentFile(), "output");

StringBuffer strB = new StringBuffer();

Listcmd = new ArrayList();

cmd.add(tessPath + "\\tesseract");

cmd.add("");

cmd.add(outputFile.getName());

cmd.add(LANG_OPTION);

cmd.add("eng");

ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder();

pb.directory(imageFile.getParentFile());

cmd.set(1, tempImage.getName());

pb.command(cmd);

pb.redirectErrorStream(true);

Process process = pb.start();

int w = process.waitFor();

logger.debug("Exit value = {}", w);

// delete temp working files

tempImage.delete();

if (w == 0) {

BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(

new FileInputStream(outputFile.getAbsolutePath() + ".txt"),

"UTF-8"));

String str;

while ((str = in.readLine()) != null) {

strB.append(str).append(EOL);

}

in.close();

} else {

String msg;

switch (w) {

case 1:

msg = "Errors accessing files. There may be spaces in your image's filename.";

break;

case 29:

msg = "Cannot recognize the image or its selected region.";

break;

case 31:

msg = "Unsupported image format.";

break;

default:

msg = "Errors occurred.";

}

tempImage.delete();

throw new RuntimeException(msg);

}

new File(outputFile.getAbsolutePath() + ".txt").delete();

logger.info("图像识别结果:{}", strB);

return strB.toString();

}

}

ImageRead.java

package com.goma.readimage;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

public class ImageRead {

public static String read(BufferedImage bi,int ii){

ImageFilter imgFliter = new ImageFilter(bi);

BufferedImage ss = imgFliter.changeGrey();

imgFliter = new ImageFilter(ss);

ss = imgFliter.median();

imgFliter = new ImageFilter(ss);

ss = imgFliter.grayFilter();

File xx = ImageIOHelper.createImage(ss);

try{

FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(xx);

FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(System.getProperty("user.dir")+"\\img\\yzm"+ii+".tiff");// 把扩展名添加到原来文件的后面

int in = input.read();

while (in != -1) {

output.write(in);

in = input.read();

}

input.close();

output.close();

OCR ocr = new OCR();

String rlt = ocr.recognizeText(xx, "tiff");

StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer();

for(int i=0;iString s = rlt.substring(i,i+1);

try{

int t = Integer.valueOf(s);

str.append(t);

}catch (Exception e) {

}

}

return str.toString();

}catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

return null;

}

}

}

RegeitTest.java

package com.goma.readimage;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;

import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;

import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;

import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;

import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

public class RegeitTest {

static public void main(String[] args) {

HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();

HttpUriRequest getMethod = new HttpGet("验证码URL");

for(int i=1;i<=10;i++){

try {

String yzm = "";

HttpResponse res = httpclient.execute(getMethod);

HttpEntity entity = res.getEntity();

if (entity != null) {

InputStream instream = entity.getContent();

BufferedImage bi = ImageIO.read(instream);

instream.close();

/************************************/

yzm = ImageRead.read(bi,i);

/********************************************/

}

System.out.println(yzm+":===="+i+" ");

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}

详见：http://ykf.iteye.com/blog/212431