python参数方法_python 参数使用方法大全

学习在python中如何使用参数一定要看下面的代码

#!/usr/bin/env python

#

# [代码名字: Arguments]

# [代码分类: Python Core]

# [代码描述: GNU style arguments]

# [代码作者: Jurjen Stellingwerff ]

# [代码协议: GPL]

# example arguments.py

import sys

program = "arguments.py"

version = "0.1"

def indent(size, text):

""" Indents the lines of a text with 'size' spaces for every newline. """

i = 0

res = ""

for line in text.split("\n"):

if i > 0:

res += "\n".ljust(size) + line

else:

res += line

i += 1

return res

def show_arguments():

out = []

size = 0

for argument in sorted(arguments):

show = ""

function, helptext, parameter = arguments[argument]

if not helptext:

continue

if len(argument) > 1:

show += " --" + argument

else:

show += "-" + argument

others = False

for other in sorted(arguments):

function2, helptext2, parameter2 = arguments[other]

if function2 == function and other != argument:

others = True

if len(other) > 1:

show += ", --" + other

if parameter2:

show += "=" + parameter2

else:

show += ", -" + other

if parameter and len(argument) > 1:

show += "=" + parameter

elif parameter and not others:

show += " " + parameter

if len(show) > size and len(show) < 20:

size = len(show)

out.append((show, helptext))

for show, helptext in out:

if len(show) <= size: print (" %-" + str(size) + "s %s") % (show, indent(size + 8, helptext)) else: print " " + show print (" %" + str(size) + "s") % "", indent(size + 8, helptext) def unknown_argument(argument): """ Show an informative error when encountering unknown arguments """ print program + ": unrecognized option '" + argument + "'" print "Try: `" + program + " --help' for more information" sys.exit(2) def parse_arguments(): """ Reads all the arguments from argv and interprets them in a GNU arguments style """ i = 0 paramfunction = None for argument in sys.argv: i += 1 if i == 1: continue if paramfunction: paramfunction(argument) paramfunction = None elif argument.startswith("--"): pos = argument.find("=") if pos > -1:

try:

function, helptext, parameter = arguments[argument[2:pos]]

if not parameter:

print "Argument '" + argument[2:pos] + "' cannot have a parameter"

sys.exit()

function(argument[pos + 1:])

except KeyError:

unknown_argument(argument[:pos])

else:

try:

function, helptext, parameter = arguments[argument[2:]]

function()

except KeyError:

unknown_argument(argument)

elif argument.startswith("-"):

for pos in range(1, len(argument)):

try:

function, helptext, parameter = arguments[argument[pos:pos + 1]]

if parameter:

paramfunction = function

else:

function()

except KeyError:

unknown_argument(argument[pos:pos + 1])

else:

do_rest_arguments(argument)

def add_argument(function, help_text=None, parameter=None):

""" Add information about an argument:

- function: function to call when this argument in given

- help_text: the help text to show on the help page, omit this parameter on arguments with the same function

- parameter: this argument needs a parameter

"""

return function, help_text, parameter

# From here on the actual program code starts

def do_help():

""" Prints a list of arguments for this program. Normally you would change this function to include more info like examples and another program descriptor. """

print "Usage: " + program + " [OPTION]... [REST]"

print "Demonstrates python code for GNU style arguments."

print ""

print "Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too."

show_arguments()

print ""

print "Report arguments bugs to jurjen@stwerff.xs4all.nl"

print "Python-snippets homepage: "

exit()

def do_version():

""" Show version information of this program """

print program + " " + version

print "Copyright (C) 2010 Jurjen Stellingwerff"

print "Lisense GPL: GNU GPL version 2 or later ."

print "This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it."

print "There is NO WARRENTY, to the extent permittable by law."

print ""

print "Written by Jurjen Stellingwerff."

exit()

files = []

""" list of files to write to the standard output, can be filled by arguments """

verbose = True

def do_quiet():

global verbose

verbose = False

def do_file(filename):

global files

files.append(filename)

def do_something(argument):

print argument

def do_single(argument):

print argument

def do_rest_arguments(argument):

print "Rest:", argument

arguments = {

'version' : add_argument(do_version, 'output version information and exit'),

'h' : add_argument(do_help, 'display this help and exit'),

'?' : add_argument(do_help),

'help' : add_argument(do_help),

'q' : add_argument(do_quiet, "don't print status messages to stdout"),

'quiet' : add_argument(do_quiet),

'f' : add_argument(do_file, 'display this file', parameter='FILE'),

'file' : add_argument(do_file, parameter='FILE'),

'this-is-a-bit-too-long-argument' : add_argument(do_something, "when arguments get too long the line splits\nand lines can contain newlines", parameter='SOMETHING'),

's' : add_argument(do_single, "single token argument with a parameter", parameter='SOMETHING')

}

parse_arguments()

for filename in files:

if verbose:

print "Printing file", filename

try:

f = open(filename, 'r')

for line in f.readlines():

print line.rstrip()

except IOError:

print "No such file: '" + filename + "'"

# demonstrate the help page when there are no parameters given

# not very useful in an actual program

if len(sys.argv) == 1:

do_help()

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