python django框架分析_Django框架浅析（一）

Django是一个十分重量级的框架，所以只能每次写一部分，没有办法一次性写完，更新频率要看心情😀

先来说说django常用的几个功能的实现：

runserver

首先入口点，肯定是manage.py了

#!/usr/bin/env python

import os

import sys

if __name__ == "__main__":

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "web.settings") # 设置配置文件路径到环境变量

try:

from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line # 导包 命令行解析函数

except ImportError:

try:

import django # 导入django，验证环境中是否有django模块

except ImportError:

raise ImportError(

"Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "

"available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "

"forget to activate a virtual environment?"

)

raise

execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) # 把命令行参数传入命令行解析函数

# 命令行解析函数

def execute_from_command_line(argv=None):

"""

A simple method that runs a ManagementUtility.

"""

utility = ManagementUtility(argv) # 这个类主要实现了命令行解析和处理，导入django配置文件，导包的模块加载等等，其实基本上django初始化过程应该都在这里了，这个类太长了这里就不放全部源码了

utility.execute() # ManagementUtility的execute方法主要实现了上述的命令行解析处理，导入django配置文件等等

# execute，删减了其中大部分代码

def execute(self):

try:

subcommand = self.argv[1]

except IndexError:

subcommand = 'help' # Display help if no arguments were given.

try:

settings.INSTALLED_APPS

except ImproperlyConfigured as exc:

self.settings_exception = exc

if settings.configured:

if subcommand == 'runserver' and '--noreload' not in self.argv: # 这里可以看出如果使用了runserver，就会调用以下的autoreload.check_errors方法，这个方法无可厚非，看名字也知道是个查错的，其实这就是个收集异常的闭包，这里不展开说了，django.setup这个函数参数在下方代码块，其实就是在配置日志和app

try:

autoreload.check_errors(django.setup)()

except Exception:

else:

django.setup()

self.autocomplete() # 初始化配置的，有兴趣可以看看，这里不说了。

if subcommand == 'help': # 这里判断是否是查询帮助，如果不是则正常启动

........

else:

self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv) # 函数在下下方代码块

# django.setup

# 这里的注释可以看出，直接了当说明这函数干嘛的,配置setting，log和注册app

def setup(set_prefix=True):

"""

Configure the settings (this happens as a side effect of accessing the

first setting), configure logging and populate the app registry.

Set the thread-local urlresolvers script prefix if `set_prefix` is True.

"""

from django.apps import apps

from django.conf import settings

from django.urls import set_script_prefix

from django.utils.encoding import force_text

from django.utils.log import configure_logging

configure_logging(settings.LOGGING_CONFIG, settings.LOGGING)

if set_prefix:

set_script_prefix(

'/' if settings.FORCE_SCRIPT_NAME is None else force_text(settings.FORCE_SCRIPT_NAME)

)

apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS) # 初始化app(注册app)这个不展开说了

# self.fetch_command(subcommand)

def fetch_command(self, subcommand):

"""

Tries to fetch the given subcommand, printing a message with the

appropriate command called from the command line (usually

"django-admin" or "manage.py") if it can't be found.

"""

# Get commands