Java优先级队列6,优先级队列 - Java实现

package lhz.algorithm.chapter.six;

/**

* "优先级队列"，《算法导论》6.5章节

* 原文摘要：

* A priority queue is a data structure for maintaining a set S of elements, each with an

* associated value called a key. A max-priority queue supports the following operations.

* ・ INSERT(S, x) inserts the element x into the set S. This operation could be written as S← S{x}.

* ・ MAXIMUM(S) returns the element of S with the largest key.

* ・ EXTRACT-MAX(S) removes and returns the element of S with the largest key.

* ・ INCREASE-KEY(S, x, k) increases the value of element x‘s key to the new value k,

* which is assumed to be at least as large as x‘s current key value.

* 堆的一种实际应用，可用于任务调度队列等。包含四个操作方法。

* @author lihzh(OneCoder)

* @blog http://www.coderli.com

*/

public class PriorityQueue {

private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY_VALUE = 16;

//初始化一个长度为16的队列(可作为构造参数)，此处选择16参考HashMap的初始化值

private int[] queue;

//堆大小

private int heapSize = 0;

public static void main(String[] args) {

PriorityQueue q = new PriorityQueue();

q.insert(2);

q.insert(6);

q.insert(3);

q.insert(8);

q.insert(7);

q.insert(9);

q.insert(1);

q.insert(10);

q.insert(9);

System.out.println(q.extractMax());

System.out.println(q.extractMax());

q.insert(9);

q.insert(1);

q.insert(10);

System.out.println(q.extractMax());

System.out.println(q.extractMax());

System.out.println(q.extractMax());

System.out.println(q.extractMax());

System.out.println(q.extractMax());

System.out.println(q.extractMax());

System.out.println(q.extractMax());

}

public PriorityQueue(int capacity) {

this.queue = new int[capacity];

}

public PriorityQueue() {

this(DEFAULT_CAPACITY_VALUE);

}

/**

* 返回当前最大值

* @return

*/

public int maximum() {

return queue[0];

}

/**

* 往优先级队列出，插入一个元素

* 利用INCREASE-Key方法，从堆的最后增加元素

* 伪代码：

* MAX-HEAP-INSERT(A, key)

* 1 heap-size[A] ← heap-size[A] + 1

* 2 A[heap-size[A]] ← -∞

* 3 HEAP-INCREASE-KEY(A, heap-size[A], key)

* 时间复杂度：O(lg n)

* @param value 待插入元素

*/

public void insert(int value) {

//注意堆容量和数组索引的错位 1

queue[heapSize] = value;

heapSize++;

increaceKey(heapSize, value);

}

/**

* 增加给定索引位元素的值，并重新构成MaxHeap。

* 新值必须大于等于原有值

* 伪代码：

* HEAP-INCREASE-KEY(A, i, key)

* 1 if key < A[i]

* 2 then error "new key is smaller than current key"

* 3 A[i] ← key

* 4 while i > 1 and A[PARENT(i)] < A[i]

* 5 do exchange A[i] ↔ A[PARENT(i)]

* 6 i ← PARENT(i)

* 时间复杂度：O(lg n)

* @param index 索引位

* @param newValue 新值

*/

public void increaceKey (int heapIndex, int newValue) {

if (newValue < queue[heapIndex-1]) {

System.err.println("错误：新值小于原有值！");

return;

}

queue[heapIndex-1] = newValue;

int parentIndex = heapIndex / 2;

while (parentIndex > 0 && queue[parentIndex-1] < newValue ) {

int temp = queue[parentIndex-1];

queue[parentIndex-1] = newValue;

queue[heapIndex-1] = temp;

heapIndex = parentIndex;

parentIndex = parentIndex / 2;

}

}

/**

* 返回堆顶元素(最大值)，并且将堆顶元素移除

* 伪代码：

* HEAP-EXTRACT-MAX(A)

* 1 if heap-size[A] < 1

* 2 then error "heap underflow"

* 3 max ← A[1]

* 4 A[1] ← A[heap-size[A]]

* 5 heap-size[A] ← heap-size[A] - 1

* 6 MAX-HEAPIFY(A, 1)

* 7 return max

* 时间复杂度：O(lg n),

* @return

*/

public int extractMax() {

if (heapSize < 1) {

System.err.println("堆中已经没有元素!");

return -1;

}

int max = queue[0];

queue[0] = queue[heapSize-1];

heapSize--;

maxHeapify(queue, 1);

return max;

}

/**

* 之前介绍的保持最大堆的算法

* @param array

* @param index

*/

private void maxHeapify(int[] array, int index) {

int l = index * 2;

int r = l + 1;

int largest;

//如果左叶子节点索引小于堆大小，比较当前值和左叶子节点的值，取值大的索引值

if (l <= heapSize && array[l-1] > array[index-1]) {

largest = l;

} else {

largest = index;

}

//如果右叶子节点索引小于堆大小，比较右叶子节点和之前比较得出的较大值，取大的索引值

if (r <= heapSize && array[r-1] > array[largest-1]) {

largest = r;

}

//交换位置，并继续递归调用该方法调整位置。

if (largest != index) {

int temp = array[index-1];

array[index-1] = array[largest-1];

array[largest-1] = temp;

maxHeapify(array, largest);

}

}

public int[] getQueue() {

return queue;

}

}