php5 mysql json类_【原创】MySQL5.7JSON类型使用介绍

JSON是一种轻量级的数据交换格式，采用了独立于语言的文本格式，类似XML，但是比XML简单，易读并且易编写。对机器来说易于解析和生成，并且会减少网络带宽的传输。 JSON的格式非常简单：名称/键值。之前MySQL版本里面要实现这样的存储，要么用VARCHAR要么用T

JSON是一种轻量级的数据交换格式，采用了独立于语言的文本格式，类似XML，但是比XML简单，易读并且易编写。对机器来说易于解析和生成，并且会减少网络带宽的传输。

JSON的格式非常简单：名称/键值。之前MySQL版本里面要实现这样的存储，要么用VARCHAR要么用TEXT大文本。 MySQL5.7发布后，专门设计了JSON数据类型以及关于这种类型的检索以及其他函数解析。 我们先看看MySQL老版本的JSON存取。

示例表结构：CREATE TABLE json_test(

id INT,

person_desc TEXT

)ENGINE INNODB;

我们来插入一条记录：INSERT INTO json_test VALUES (1,'{

"programmers": [{

"firstName": "Brett",

"lastName": "McLaughlin",

"email": "aaaa"

}, {

"firstName": "Jason",

"lastName": "Hunter",

"email": "bbbb"

}, {

"firstName": "Elliotte",

"lastName": "Harold",

"email": "cccc"

}],

"authors": [{

"firstName": "Isaac",

"lastName": "Asimov",

"genre": "sciencefiction"

}, {

"firstName": "Tad",

"lastName": "Williams",

"genre": "fantasy"

}, {

"firstName": "Frank",

"lastName": "Peretti",

"genre": "christianfiction"

}],

"musicians": [{

"firstName": "Eric",

"lastName": "Clapton",

"instrument": "guitar"

}, {

"firstName": "Sergei",

"lastName": "Rachmaninoff",

"instrument": "piano"

}]

}');

那一般我们遇到这样来存储JSON格式的话，只能把这条记录取出来交个应用程序，有应用程序来解析。

现在到了MySQL5.7，我们重新修改下表结构：ALTER TABLE json_test MODIFY person_desc json;

先看看插入的这行JSON数据有哪些KEY：mysql> SELECT id,json_keys(person_desc) as "keys" FROM json_test\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

id: 1

keys: ["authors", "musicians", "programmers"]

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

我们可以看到，里面有三个KEY，分别为authors，musicians，programmers。那现在找一个KEY把对应的值拿出来：mysql> SELECT json_extract(AUTHORS,'$.lastName[0]') AS 'name', AUTHORS FROM

-> (

-> SELECT id,json_extract(person_desc,'$.authors[0][0]') AS "authors" FROM json_test

-> UNION ALL

-> SELECT id,json_extract(person_desc,'$.authors[1][0]') AS "authors" FROM json_test

-> UNION ALL

-> SELECT id,json_extract(person_desc,'$.authors[2][0]') AS "authors" FROM json_test

-> ) AS T1

-> ORDER BY NAME DESC\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

name: "Williams"

AUTHORS: {"genre": "fantasy", "lastName": "Williams", "firstName": "Tad"}

*************************** 2. row ***************************

name: "Peretti"

AUTHORS: {"genre": "christianfiction", "lastName": "Peretti", "firstName": "Frank"}

*************************** 3. row ***************************

name: "Asimov"

AUTHORS: {"genre": "sciencefiction", "lastName": "Asimov", "firstName": "Isaac"}

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

现在来把详细的值罗列出来：mysql> SELECT

-> json_extract(AUTHORS,'$.firstName[0]') AS "firstname",

-> json_extract(AUTHORS,'$.lastName[0]') AS "lastname",

-> json_extract(AUTHORS,'$.genre[0]') AS "genre"

-> FROM

-> (

-> SELECT id,json_extract(person_desc,'$.authors[0]') AS "authors" FROM json

_test

-> ) AS T\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

firstname: "Isaac"

lastname: "Asimov"

genre: "sciencefiction"

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

我们进一步来演示把authors 这个KEY对应的所有对象删掉。mysql> UPDATE json_test

-> SET person_desc = json_remove(person_desc,'$.authors')\G

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

查找下对应的KEY，发现已经被删除掉了。mysql> SELECT json_contains_path(person_desc,'all','$.authors') as authors_exist

s FROM json_test\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

authors_exists: 0

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

总结下， 虽然MySQL5.7 开始支持JSON数据类型，但是我建议如果要使用的话，最好是把这样的值取出来，然后在应用程序段来计算，毕竟数据库是用来处理简单数据的。

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