python oserror 除零_RuntimeWarning：除以零错误：如何避免？ PYTHON，NUMPY

I am running in to RuntimeWarning: Invalid value encountered in divide

import numpy

a = numpy.random.rand((1000000, 100))

b = numpy.random.rand((1,100))

dots = numpy.dot(b,a.T)/numpy.dot(b,b)

norms = numpy.linalg.norm(a, axis =1)

angles = dots/norms ### Basically I am calculating angle between 2 vectors

There are some vectors in my a which have norm as 0. so while calculating angles it is giving runtime warning.

Is there a one line pythonic way to compute angles while taking into account norms which are 0?

angles =[i/j if j!=0 else -2 for i,j in zip(dots, norms)] # takes 10.6 seconds

But it takes a lot of time. Since all angles will have values between 1 and -1 and I need only 10 max values this will help me. This takes around 10.6 seconds which is insane.

解决方案

you can ignore warings with the np.errstate context manager and later replace nans with what you want:

import numpy as np

angle = np.arange(-5., 5.)

norm = np.arange(10.)

with np.errstate(divide='ignore'):

print np.where(norm != 0., angle / norm, -2)

# or:

with np.errstate(divide='ignore'):

res = angle/norm

res[np.isnan(res)] = -2