掌握了前面几节的的内容,就可以做一些简单的http协议接口的请求发送了,但是这些还不够。HTTP协议是一个无状态的应用层协议,也就是说前后两次请求是没有任何关系的,那如果我们测试的接口之前有相互依赖关系怎么办呢(比如我要在博客园发文章,是需要先登录的),这时我们就要用到cookie和session技术来保持客户端与服务器端连接的状态,这也就是本节要介绍的内容:
一、Cookie:
1、获取cookie:
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
#获取cookie
import requests
import json
url = "https://www.baidu.com/"
r = requests.get(url)
#将RequestsCookieJar转换成字典
c = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(r.cookies)
print r.cookies
print c
for a in r.cookies:
print a.name,a.value
输出:
]>
{'BDORZ': '27315'}
BDORZ 27315
二、发送cookie:
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
#发送cookie到服务器
import requests
import json
host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "cookies"
url = ''.join([host,endpoint])
#方法一:简单发送
# cookies = {"aaa":"bbb"}
# r = requests.get(url,cookies=cookies)
# print r.text
#方法二:复杂发送
s = requests.session()
c = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()
c.set('c-name','c-value',path='/xxx/uuu',domain='.test.com')
s.cookies.update(c)
二、Session
1、保持会话同步:
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import json
host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "cookies"
url = ''.join([host,endpoint])
url1 = "http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/sessioncookie/123456789"
r = requests.get(url)
print r.text
print "------"
s = requests.session() #初始化一个session对象
s.get(url1) #cookie的信息存在了session中
r = s.get(url)
print r.text
输出:
{
"cookies": {}
}
------
{
"cookies": {
"sessioncookie": "123456789"
}
}
2、保存会话信息:
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import json
host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "headers"
url = ''.join([host,endpoint])
header1 = {"testA":"AAA"}
header2 = {"testB":"BBB"}
s = requests.session() #初始化一个session对象
s.headers.update(header1) #已经存在于服务中的信息
r = s.get(url,headers=header2) #发送新的信息
print r.text
输出:
{
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Connection": "close",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"Testa": "AAA",
"Testb": "BBB",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"
}
}
3、删除已存在的会话信息,保存为None
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import json
host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "headers"
url = ''.join([host,endpoint])
header1 = {"testA":"AAA"}
header2 = {"testB":"BBB"}
s = requests.session() #初始化一个session对象
s.headers.update(header1) #已经存在于服务中的信息
r = s.get(url,headers=header2) #发送新的信息
print r.text
print '--------'
s.headers['testA'] = None #删除会话里的信息testA
r1 = s.get(url,headers = header2)
print r1.text
{
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Connection": "close",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"Testa": "AAA",
"Testb": "BBB",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"
}
}
--------
{
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Connection": "close",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"Testb": "BBB",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"
}
}
4、提供默认数据:
s = requests.Session()
s.auth = ('user', 'pass')
s.headers.update({'x-test': 'true'})
# both 'x-test' and 'x-test2' are sent
s.get('http://httpbin.org/headers', headers={'x-test2': 'true'})
参考: