python生成随机数并求和、判断对错,如何在Python中生成随机数对，包括一个条目相同的对，并排除两个条目相同的对？...

I'm using Python and was using numpy for this.

I want to generate pairs of random numbers. I want to exclude repetitive outcomes of pairs with both entries being the same number and I want to include pairs which only have one entry being the same number.I tried to use

import numpy

numpy.random.choice(a,(m,n),replace=False)

for it, but it excludes any tupels with the the same entries completely, i.e.

import numpy

numpy.random.choice(a=2,(m=2,n=1),replace=False)

gives me only (1,0) and (0,1) and not (1,1), (0,0), (1,0) and (0,1).

I want to do this because I want to draw a sample of random tuples with a large a and large n(as used above) without getting exactly the same tupels more then once. It also should be more or less efficient. Is there a way that's already implemented to do this?

解决方案

Generator random unique coordinates:

from random import randint

def gencoordinates(m, n):

seen = set()

x, y = randint(m, n), randint(m, n)

while True:

seen.add((x, y))

yield (x, y)

x, y = randint(m, n), randint(m, n)

while (x, y) in seen:

x, y = randint(m, n), randint(m, n)

Output:

>>> g = gencoordinates(1, 100)

>>> next(g)

(42, 98)

>>> next(g)

(9, 5)

>>> next(g)

(89, 29)

>>> next(g)

(67, 56)

>>> next(g)

(63, 65)

>>> next(g)

(92, 66)

>>> next(g)

(11, 46)

>>> next(g)

(68, 21)

>>> next(g)

(85, 6)

>>> next(g)

(95, 97)

>>> next(g)

(20, 6)

>>> next(g)

(20, 86)

As you can see coincidentally an x coordinate was repeated!