您可以为每个列运行.apply(pd.Series),然后堆叠并连接结果.
对于一个系列
s = pd.Series([[0,1],[2,3,4]],index=[2011,2012])
s
Out[103]:
2011 [0,1]
2012 [2,4]
dtype: object
它的工作原理如下
s.apply(pd.Series).stack()
Out[104]:
2011 0 0.0
1 1.0
2012 0 2.0
1 3.0
2 4.0
dtype: float64
该系列的元素有不同的长度(这很重要,因为2012年是闰年).中间序列,即在堆叠之前,具有稍后被丢弃的NaN值.
现在,我们来看一个框架:
a = list(range(14))
b = list(range(20,34))
df = pd.DataFrame({'ID': [11111,11111,11112,11112],'Year': [2011,2012,2011,2012],'A': [a[:3],a[3:7],a[7:10],a[10:14]],'B': [b[:3],b[3:7],b[7:10],b[10:14]]})
df
Out[108]:
A B ID Year
0 [0,1,2] [20,21,22] 11111 2011
1 [3,4,5,6] [23,24,25,26] 11111 2012
2 [7,8,9] [27,28,29] 11112 2011
3 [10,11,12,13] [30,31,32,33] 11112 2012
然后我们可以运行:
# set an index (each column will inherit it)
df2 = df.set_index(['ID','Year'])
# the trick
unnested_lst = []
for col in df2.columns:
unnested_lst.append(df2[col].apply(pd.Series).stack())
result = pd.concat(unnested_lst,axis=1,keys=df2.columns)
得到:
result
Out[115]:
A B
ID Year
11111 2011 0 0.0 20.0
1 1.0 21.0
2 2.0 22.0
2012 0 3.0 23.0
1 4.0 24.0
2 5.0 25.0
3 6.0 26.0
11112 2011 0 7.0 27.0
1 8.0 28.0
2 9.0 29.0
2012 0 10.0 30.0
1 11.0 31.0
2 12.0 32.0
3 13.0 33.0
其余的(日期时间索引)更简单.例如:
# DatetimeIndex
years = pd.to_datetime(result.index.get_level_values(1).astype(str))
# TimedeltaIndex
days = pd.to_timedelta(result.index.get_level_values(2),unit='D')
# If the above line doesn't work (a bug in pandas),try this:
# days = result.index.get_level_values(2).astype('timedelta64[D]')
# the sum is again a DatetimeIndex
dates = years + days
dates.name = 'Date'
new_index = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays([result.index.get_level_values(0),dates])
result.index = new_index
result
Out[130]:
A B
ID Date
11111 2011-01-01 0.0 20.0
2011-01-02 1.0 21.0
2011-01-03 2.0 22.0
2012-01-01 3.0 23.0
2012-01-02 4.0 24.0
2012-01-03 5.0 25.0
2012-01-04 6.0 26.0
11112 2011-01-01 7.0 27.0
2011-01-02 8.0 28.0
2011-01-03 9.0 29.0
2012-01-01 10.0 30.0
2012-01-02 11.0 31.0
2012-01-03 12.0 32.0
2012-01-04 13.0 33.0