你可以在SELECT, UPDATE 和 DELETE 语句中使用 Mysql 的 JOIN 来联合多表查询。
JOIN 按照功能大致分为如下三类:
- INNER JOIN(内连接,或等值连接):获取两个表中字段匹配关系的记录。
- LEFT JOIN(左连接):获取左表所有记录,即使右表没有对应匹配的记录。
- RIGHT JOIN(右连接): 与 LEFT JOIN 相反,用于获取右表所有记录,即使左表没有对应匹配的记录。
在命令提示符中使用 INNER JOIN
我们在W3CSCHOOL数据库中有两张表 tcount_tbl 和 w3cschool_tbl。两张数据表数据如下:
实例
尝试以下实例:
root@host# mysql -u root -p password;Enter password:*******mysql> use W3CSCHOOL;Database changedmysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl;+-----------------+----------------+| w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count |+-----------------+----------------+| mahran | 20 || mahnaz | NULL || Jen | NULL || Gill | 20 || John Poul | 1 || Sanjay | 1 |+-----------------+----------------+6 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> SELECT * from w3cschool_tbl;+-------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+| w3cschool_id | w3cschool_title | w3cschool_author | submission_date |+-------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+| 1 | Learn PHP | John Poul | 2007-05-24 || 2 | Learn MySQL | Abdul S | 2007-05-24 || 3 | JAVA Tutorial | Sanjay | 2007-05-06 |+-------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
接下来我们就使用MySQL的INNER JOIN(也可以省略 INNER 使用 JOIN,效果一样)来连接以上两张表来读取w3cschool_tbl表中所有w3cschool_author字段在tcount_tbl表对应的w3cschool_count字段值:
mysql> SELECT a.w3cschool_id, a.w3cschool_author, b.w3cschool_count FROM w3cschool_tbl a INNER JOIN tcount_tbl b ON a.w3cschool_author = b.w3cschool_author;+-----------+---------------+--------------+| w3cschool_id | w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count |+-----------+---------------+--------------+| 1 | John Poul | 1 || 3 | Sanjay | 1 |+-----------+---------------+--------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以上 SQL 语句等价于:
mysql> SELECT a.w3cschool_id, a.w3cschool_author, b.w3cschool_count FROM w3cschool_tbl a, tcount_tbl b WHERE a.w3cschool_author = b.w3cschool_author;+-------------+-----------------+----------------+| w3cschool_id | w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count |+-------------+-----------------+----------------+| 1 | John Poul | 1 || 3 | Sanjay | 1 |+-------------+-----------------+----------------+2 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql>
MySQL LEFT JOIN
MySQL left join 与 join 有所不同。 MySQL LEFT JOIN 会读取左边数据表的全部数据,即便右边表无对应数据。
实例
尝试以下实例,以 w3cschool_tbl 为左表,tcount_tbl 为右表,理解MySQL LEFT JOIN的应用:
root@host# mysql -u root -p password;Enter password:*******mysql> use W3CSCHOOL;Database changedmysql> SELECT a.w3cschool_id, a.w3cschool_author, b.w3cschool_count FROM w3cschool_tbl a LEFT JOIN tcount_tbl b ON a.w3cschool_author = b.w3cschool_author;+-------------+-----------------+----------------+| w3cschool_id | w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count |+-------------+-----------------+----------------+| 1 | John Poul | 1 || 2 | Abdul S | NULL || 3 | Sanjay | 1 |+-------------+-----------------+----------------+3 rows in set (0.02 sec)
以上实例中使用了LEFT JOIN,该语句会读取左边的数据表w3cschool_tbl的所有选取的字段数据,即便在右侧表tcount_tbl中没有对应的w3cschool_author字段值。
MySQL RIGHT JOIN
MySQL RIGHT JOIN 会读取右边数据表的全部数据,即便左边边表无对应数据。
实例
尝试以下实例,以 tcount_tbl 为左表,w3cschool_tbl 为右表,理解MySQL RIGHT JOIN的应用:
root@host# mysql -u root -p password;Enter password:*******mysql> use W3CSCHOOL;Database changedmysql> SELECT b.w3cschool_id, b.w3cschool_author, a.w3cschool_count FROM tcount_tbl a RIGHT JOIN w3cschool_tbl b ON a.w3cschool_author = b.w3cschool_author;+-------------+-----------------+----------------+| w3cschool_id | w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count |+-------------+-----------------+----------------+| 1 | John Poul | 1 || 2 | Abdul S | NULL || 3 | Sanjay | 1 |+-------------+-----------------+----------------+3 rows in set (0.02 sec)
以上实例中使用了 RIGHT JOIN,该语句会读取右边的数据表 w3cschool_tbl 的所有选取的字段数据,即便在左侧表tcount_tbl中没有对应的w3cschool_author字段值。