mysql 114_114-解决mysqlclient安装失败，及django使用mysql的一个天坑

安装好MySQL之后，直接用Python进行操作是可以的，假设要在django中使用mysql，还需要安装pymysql，话不多说，直接安装：

pip3 install pymysql --user

安装完之后，在setting进行如下配置：

1、首先在django工程的setting.py里，引入pymysql：

import os

import pymysql

pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

2、接着，在mysql里创建一个数据库，用来存储django里要存取的表格：

lzh@lzh-pc:~$ mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 9

Server version: 8.0.17 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> CREATE DATABASE test_app CHARACTER SET utf8;

Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> SHOW DATABASES;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| sys |

| test_app |

+--------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3、最后，配置django工程里的setting.py的database部分。其中name是在mysql里定义的某个数据库名：

# Database

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {

'default': {

'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',

'NAME': 'test_app',

'USER': 'root',

'PASSWORD': '19830427',

'HOST': 'localhost',

'PORT': '3306',

}

}

4、高能预警！

此时无论是直接runserver，还是makemigrations，都会报错，大致是：

raise ImproperlyConfigured('mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have %s.' % Database.__version__)

django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have 0.9.3.

但是请注意，如果用pip3 list查看，是根本没有mysqlclient这个包的，一定会有人想，如果没有这个包(或者版本太低)，装一下不就行了。

5、安装mysqlclient，官网上列举了这些前置需求：

sudo apt-get install python3-dev

sudo apt-get install default-libmysqlclient-dev

如果把这两个安装完成后，再安装mysqlclient，仍然会报错，而且会报错一整屏幕红字，非常惊悚，仔细一看，主要是这里的问题：

/usr/bin/ld: 找不到 -lssl

/usr/bin/ld: 找不到 -lcrypto

安装其中一个即可：sudo apt-get install libssl-dev

【注意是libssl，少一个l】

到这里，就能正常安装mysqlclient了，使用命令：pip3 install mysqlclient --user

然后再用pip3 list就能查看到：

mysqlclient           1.4.4

到了这里，你以为问题解决了，然后能愉快地运行runserver或makemigrations？非常遗憾！

仍然会报错：django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have 0.9.3.

这就不是版本的问题了，而是它永远都会出错！！！

File "/home/lzh/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 36, in

raise ImproperlyConfigured('mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have %s.' % Database.__version__)

django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have 0.9.3.

6、大部分的人(网上看到的各种笔记，blog，经验分享)都是选择直接跳过这个错误，方法是编辑报错文件：gedit /home/yourusername/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py

将以下两行注释掉：

# if version < (1, 3, 13):

# raise ImproperlyConfigured('mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have %s.' % Database.__version__)

尝试运行runserver或makemigrations，仍然出错：

File "/home/lzh/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/operations.py", line 146, in last_executed_query

query = query.decode(errors='replace')

AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'

解决这个报错的方法是：gedit /home/lzh/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/opetions.py

将decode改为encode，代码为：

def last_executed_query(self, cursor, sql, params):

# With MySQLdb, cursor objects have an (undocumented) "_executed"

# attribute where the exact query sent to the database is saved.

# See MySQLdb/cursors.py in the source distribution.

query = getattr(cursor, '_executed', None)

if query is not None:

query = query.encode(errors='replace')

return query

7、后记

安装了MySQL，然后安装了pymysql，就直接开始使用的，当报错时直接使用《6》的方法解决即可，个人怀疑是检查兼容性的代码有bug；

实际上，在bug没有解决前，费劲心思安装mysqlclient一点用处没有！

8、验证django使用mysql

(1)使用python3 manage.py createsuperuser创建超级管理员

(2)进入admin后台，添加一个guest：guest_name=刘振华，guest_title=先生

(3)查看mysql是否有对应内容

lzh@lzh-pc:~$ mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 30

Server version: 8.0.17 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> USE test_app;

Reading table information for completion of table and column names

You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

mysql> SHOW TABLES;

+----------------------------+

| Tables_in_test_app |

+----------------------------+

| auth_group |

| auth_group_permissions |

| auth_permission |

| auth_user |

| auth_user_groups |

| auth_user_user_permissions |

| django_admin_log |

| django_content_type |

| django_migrations |

| django_session |

| test_app_cnbcontent |

| test_app_cnbtitle |

| test_app_guestmodel |

+----------------------------+

13 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test_app_guestmodel;

+----+------------+-------------+

| id | guest_name | guest_title |

+----+------------+-------------+

| 1 | 刘振华 | 先生 |

+----+------------+-------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)