python3常用模块_Python3中常用模块-sys模块

sys模块和os模块是Python系统相关工具集的核心部分，其主要处理系统相关的功能，下面首先来介绍下sys模块。

1：获取模块文档

1.1：使用sys.__doc__查看方法说明

print(sys.__doc__) """This module provides access to some objects used or maintained by theinterpreter and to functions that interact strongly with the interpreter. Dynamic objects: argv -- command line arguments; argv[0] is the script pathname if knownpath -- module search path; path[0] is the script directory, else ''modules -- dictionary of loaded modules displayhook -- called to show results in an interactive sessionexcepthook -- called to handle any uncaught exception other than SystemExit To customize printing in an interactive session or to install a custom top-level exception handler, assign other functions to replace these. stdin -- standard input file object; used by input()stdout -- standard output file object; used by print()................. """

1.2：使用dir函数获取模块中的所有属性和方法

print(dir(sys)) """结果：['__displayhook__', '__doc__', '__excepthook__', '__interactivehook__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', '__stderr__', '__stdin__', '__stdout__', '_clear_type_cache', '_current_frames', '_debugmallocstats', '_enablelegacywindowsfsencoding', '_getframe', '_git', '_home', '_xoptions', 'api_version', 'argv', 'base_exec_prefix', 'base_prefix', 'builtin_module_names', 'byteorder', 'call_tracing', 'callstats', 'copyright', 'displayhook', 'dllhandle', 'dont_write_bytecode', 'exc_info', 'excepthook', 'exec_prefix', 'executable', 'exit', 'flags', 'float_info', 'float_repr_style', 'get_asyncgen_hooks', 'get_coroutine_wrapper', 'getallocatedblocks', 'getcheckinterval', 'getdefaultencoding', 'getfilesystemencodeerrors', 'getfilesystemencoding', 'getprofile', 'getrecursionlimit', 'getrefcount', 'getsizeof', 'getswitchinterval', 'gettrace', 'getwindowsversion', 'hash_info', 'hexversion', 'implementation', 'int_info', 'intern', 'is_finalizing', 'maxsize', 'maxunicode', 'meta_path', 'modules', 'path', 'path_hooks', 'path_importer_cache', 'platform', 'prefix', 'set_asyncgen_hooks', 'set_coroutine_wrapper', 'setcheckinterval', 'setprofile', 'setrecursionlimit', 'setswitchinterval', 'settrace', 'stderr', 'stdin', 'stdout', 'thread_info', 'version', 'version_info', 'warnoptions', 'winver']"""

或者一行一行打印出来

for item in dir(sys): print(item ) """__displayhook____doc____excepthook____interactivehook____loader____name____package____spec____stderr____stdin____stdout___clear_type_cache_current_frames_debugmallocstats_enablelegacywindowsfsencoding_getframe_git_home_xoptionsapi_versionargvbase_exec_prefixbase_prefixbuiltin_module_namesbyteordercall_tracing..........后面还有......"""

1.3:使用help函数查看某个函数

print(help(sys.exc_info)) """Help on built-in function exc_info in module sys:exc_info(...) exc_info() -> (type, value, traceback) Return information about the most recent exception caught by an except clause in the current stack frame or in an older stack frame."""

2:模块常用方法

3：解析命令行参数

import sys def getopts(argv): opts = {} while argv: if argv[0][0] == '-': opts[argv[0]] = argv[1] argv = argv[2:] else: argv = argv[1:] return opts if __name__ == '__main__': print(sys.argv) margs = getopts(sys.argv) print(margs)