python gdbm_11.9. gdbm — GNU’s reinterpretation of dbm — Python 2.7.18 文档

11.9.gdbm — GNU’s reinterpretation of dbm¶

注解

The gdbm module has been renamed to dbm.gnu in Python 3. The

2to3 tool will automatically adapt imports when converting your

sources to Python 3.

This module is quite similar to the dbm module, but uses gdbm instead

to provide some additional functionality. Please note that the file formats

created by gdbm and dbm are incompatible.

The gdbm module provides an interface to the GNU DBM library. gdbm

objects behave like mappings (dictionaries), except that keys and values are

always strings. Printing a gdbm object doesn’t print the keys and values,

and the items() and values() methods are not supported.

The module defines the following constant and functions:

exceptiongdbm.error¶

Raised on gdbm-specific errors, such as I/O errors. KeyError is

raised for general mapping errors like specifying an incorrect key.

gdbm.open(filename[, flag[, mode]])¶

Open a gdbm database and return a gdbm object. The filename argument

is the name of the database file.

The optional flag argument can be:

Value

Meaning

'r'

Open existing database for reading only

(default)

'w'

Open existing database for reading and

writing

'c'

Open database for reading and writing,

creating it if it doesn’t exist

'n'

Always create a new, empty database, open

for reading and writing

The following additional characters may be appended to the flag to control

how the database is opened:

Value

Meaning

'f'

Open the database in fast mode. Writes

to the database will not be synchronized.

's'

Synchronized mode. This will cause changes

to the database to be immediately written

to the file.

'u'

Do not lock database.

Not all flags are valid for all versions of gdbm. The module constant

open_flags is a string of supported flag characters. The exception

error is raised if an invalid flag is specified.

The optional mode argument is the Unix mode of the file, used only when the

database has to be created. It defaults to octal 0666.

In addition to the dictionary-like methods, gdbm objects have the following

methods:

gdbm.firstkey()¶

It’s possible to loop over every key in the database using this method and the

nextkey() method. The traversal is ordered by gdbm’s internal hash

values, and won’t be sorted by the key values. This method returns the starting

key.

gdbm.nextkey(key)¶

Returns the key that follows key in the traversal. The following code prints

every key in the database db, without having to create a list in memory that

contains them all:

k = db.firstkey()

while k != None:

print k

k = db.nextkey(k)

gdbm.reorganize()¶

If you have carried out a lot of deletions and would like to shrink the space

used by the gdbm file, this routine will reorganize the database. gdbm

will not shorten the length of a database file except by using this

reorganization; otherwise, deleted file space will be kept and reused as new

(key, value) pairs are added.

gdbm.sync()¶

When the database has been opened in fast mode, this method forces any

unwritten data to be written to the disk.

gdbm.close()¶

Close the gdbm database.

参见

Module anydbmGeneric interface to dbm-style databases.

Utility module used to determine the type of an existing database.