opencv python安装 centos_centos下安装opencv-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39610085/article/details/111457127

根据项目需要，安装opencv并提供给开发使用，并且使用opencv提供python3的API接口。虽然不知道是个啥，还是简单了解下。

opencv是什么？

OpenCV的全称是Open Source Computer Vision Library，是一个跨平台的计算机视觉库。OpenCV是由英特尔公司发起并参与开发，以BSD许可证授权发行，可以在商业和研究领域中免费使用。OpenCV可用于开发实时的图像处理、计算机视觉以及模式识别程序。该程序库也可以使用英特尔公司的IPP(收费库)进行加速处理。

环境信息：

opencv-3.4.4 //3.x版本以上建议使用7系列来安装，省掉超多升级步骤

opencv_contrib-3.4.4 //opencv3以后 SIFT 和 SURF 之类的属性被移到了 contrib 中

centos7

gcc 4.8.x

cmake 2.8.x

pyenv //shell脚本编写的python版本管理工具

pyenv-virtualenv //虚拟环境

python 3.x //使用opencv提供的python3的API接口

一、下载源码包

二、安装python环境

//安装编译包

~]# yum install -y cmake gcc gcc-c++

//安装图形特性功能

]# yum install -y gtk* libdc1394-devel libv4l-devel ffmpeg-devel gstreamer-plugins-base-devel

//安装图片功能

]# yum install -y libpng-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel jasper-devel openexr-devel libtiff-devel libwebp-devel

三、安装python依赖库

~]# pyenv virtualenv 3.4.1 opencv //创建一个opencv别名的python3.4.1版本的环境

~]# pyenv activate opencv //切换至虚拟opencv环境中

(opencv) ~]# pip install numpy==1.13.1 //根据项目需要选择性安装

(opencv) ~]# pip install dlib==19.9.0

(opencv) ~]# pip install scipy==0.18.0

四、编译安装opencv

在linux下安装gtk-devel时会引入安装python2的安装，导致在使用cmake时会检测到两个python版本，而cmake会倾向于使用低版本的python2。

错误过程

(opencv) ~]# tar xf opencv-3.4.4.tar.gz -C /usr/local/pkg/

(opencv) ~]# tar xf opencv_contrib-3.4.4.tar.gz -C /usr/local/pkg/

(opencv) ~]# cd /usr/local/pkg/

(opencv) ~]# mkdir opencv-3.4.4/build //创建build编译目录

(opencv) ~]# cd opencv-3.4.4/build

(opencv) ~]# cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \

-D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \

-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=/usr/local/pkg/opencv_contrib-3.4.4/modules ..

....

-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5

-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5

-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++

-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works

-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info

-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done

-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc

-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works

-- Detecting C compiler ABI info

-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done

-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX11 (check file: cmake/checks/cxx11.cpp)

-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX11 - Failed

**-- Found PythonInterp: /usr/bin/python2.7 (found suitable version "2.7.5", minimum required is "2.7")

-- Found PythonLibs: /lib64/libpython2.7.so (found suitable exact version "2.7.5")** //这里已经查找到相应的环境信息

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

ImportError: No module named numpy.distutils

**-- Found PythonInterp: /usr/local/python/.pyenv/versions/3.4.1/bin/python (found suitable version "3.4.1", minimum required is "3.2")

-- Could NOT find PythonLibs (missing: PYTHON_LIBRARIES PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS) (Required is exact version "3.4.1")**

//这里没有发现PYTHON_LIBRARIES PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS环境信息。需要要在cmake时指定相应信息

....

-- OpenCL: YES (no extra features)

-- Include path: /usr/local/pkg/opencv-3.4.4/3rdparty/include/opencl/1.2

-- Link libraries: Dynamic load

**-- Python 2:

-- Interpreter: /usr/bin/python2.7 (ver 2.7.5)

-- Libraries: /lib64/libpython2.7.so (ver 2.7.5)

-- numpy: /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include (ver 1.13.1)

-- packages path: lib/python2.7/site-packages**

//这不是我想要的，需求是python3

-- Python (for build): /usr/bin/python2.7

-- Java:

-- ant: NO

-- JNI: /usr/lib/jvm/java/include /usr/lib/jvm/java/include/linux /usr/lib/jvm/java/include

-- Java wrappers: NO

-- Java tests: NO

-- Install to: /usr/local

#### 正确过程

```

...

(opencv) ~]# cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \

-D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \

**-D BUILD_opencv_python3=ON \

-D BUILD_opencv_python2=OFF \**

-D PYTHON_EXECUTABLE=$(which python) \

-D PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=$(python -c "from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_inc; print(get_python_inc())") \

-D PYTHON_LIBRARY=$(python -c "import distutils.sysconfig as sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_config_var('LIBDIR'))") \

-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=/usr/local/pkg/opencv_contrib-3.4.4/modules ..

...

-- OpenCL: YES (no extra features)

-- Include path: /usr/local/python/opencv-3.4.4/3rdparty/include/opencl/1.2

-- Link libraries: Dynamic load

-- Python 3:

-- Interpreter: /usr/local/python/.pyenv/shims/python3 (ver 3.4.1)

-- Libraries: /usr/local/python/.pyenv/versions/3.4.1/lib (ver 3.4.1)

-- numpy: /usr/local/python/.pyenv/versions/3.4.1/lib/python3.4/site-packages/numpy/core/include (ver 1.13.1)

-- packages path: lib/python3.4/site-packages

-- Python (for build): /usr/local/python/.pyenv/shims/python3

-- Java:

-- ant: NO

-- JNI: /usr/lib/jvm/java/include /usr/lib/jvm/java/include/linux /usr/lib/jvm/java/include

-- Java wrappers: NO

-- Java tests: NO

-- Install to: /usr/local

-- -----------------------------------------------------------------

-- Configuring done

-- Generating done

-- Build files have been written to: /usr/local/python/opencv-3.4.4/build

(opencv) ~]# make -j 8 //使用几个CPU来运，越多速度越快

(opencv) ~]# make install

....

-- Set runtime path of "/usr/local/python/cv2/python-3.4/cv2.cpython-34m.so" to "/usr/local/lib64"

...

//这时已经安装好，并且生成了相应.so文件，我们只需把库文件拷贝到相应python版本的库目录下即可

(opencv) ~]# cp -a /usr/local/python/cv2/python-3.4/cv2.cpython-34m.so /usr/local/pkg/.pyenv/versions/3.4.1/lib/python3.4/cv2.so

(opencv) ~]#

```

六、测试

(opencv) ~]# python

>>> import cv2

>>> cv2.__version__

'3.4.4'