两者都是格式化字符串用的,前者是比较老的版本,现在已经不推荐,后者更强大一些
%
In [22]: print '%s' % 'hello world'
hello world
In [23]: print '%s: %d' % ('name', 13)
name: 13
In [24]: import math
In [25]: print 'PI: %.5f' % pi
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
in ()
----> 1 print 'PI: %.5f' % pi
NameError: name 'pi' is not defined
In [26]: print 'PI: %.5f' % math.pi
PI: 3.14159
In [27]: a = ('Bill', 'Gates')
In [28]: '%s, %s' % a
Out[28]: 'Bill, Gates'
format
Help on method_descriptor:
format(...)
S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> string
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.
The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
(END)
用法如下:
In [29]: "{}".format('hello')
Out[29]: 'hello'
In [30]: '{} {}'.format('hello', 'world')
Out[30]: 'hello world'
In [31]: '{1} {0} {0}'.format('hello', 'python')
Out[31]: 'python hello hello'
In [32]: '{0} {0} {1}'.format(*('hello', 'Python'))
Out[32]: 'hello hello Python'
In [33]: '{length} {width}'.format(length=12, width=13)
Out[33]: '12 13'
In [34]: '{length} {width}'.format(width=12, length=13)
Out[34]: '13 12'
In [35]: '{length} {width}'.format({'width': 12, 'length': 13})
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyError Traceback (most recent call last)
in ()
----> 1 '{length} {width}'.format({'width': 12, 'length': 13})
KeyError: 'length'
In [36]: '{length} {width}'.format(**{'width': 12, 'length': 13})
Out[36]: '13 12'
In [37]: "'x': {0[0]}, 'y': {0[1]}".format((12, 13))
Out[37]: "'x': 12, 'y': 13"
最常用的可能就是上面这些,不过format不仅仅如此,还可以做前分位符,指定字符串宽度,代替%s %r,处理时间的格式等
>>> "repr() shows quotes: {!r}; str() doesn't: {!s}".format('test1', 'test2')
"repr() shows quotes: 'test1'; str() doesn't: test2"
>>> '{:<30}'.format('left aligned')
'left aligned '
>>> '{:>30}'.format('right aligned')
' right aligned'
>>> '{:^30}'.format('centered')
' centered '
>>> '{:*^30}'.format('centered') # use '*' as a fill char
'***********centered***********'
>>> '{:+f}; {:+f}'.format(3.14, -3.14) # show it always
'+3.140000; -3.140000'
>>> '{: f}; {: f}'.format(3.14, -3.14) # show a space for positive numbers
' 3.140000; -3.140000'
>>> '{:-f}; {:-f}'.format(3.14, -3.14) # show only the minus -- same as '{:f}; {:f}'
'3.140000; -3.140000'
>>> # format also supports binary numbers
>>> "int: {0:d}; hex: {0:x}; oct: {0:o}; bin: {0:b}".format(42)
'int: 42; hex: 2a; oct: 52; bin: 101010'
>>> # with 0x, 0o, or 0b as prefix:
>>> "int: {0:d}; hex: {0:#x}; oct: {0:#o}; bin: {0:#b}".format(42)
'int: 42; hex: 0x2a; oct: 0o52; bin: 0b101010'
>>> '{:,}'.format(1234567890)
'1,234,567,890'
>>> points = 19.5
>>> total = 22
>>> 'Correct answers: {:.2%}'.format(points/total)
'Correct answers: 88.64%'
>>> import datetime
>>> d = datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 4, 12, 15, 58)
>>> '{:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S}'.format(d)
'2010-07-04 12:15:58'
大家可以看看官方文档(以上部分例子摘自官方文档):
https://docs.python.org/2/library/string.html
注意:大括号和变量名之间是不能有空格的,否则会提示错误keyerror,如下
In [1]: print '{name}'.format(name='wang')
wang
In [2]: print '{ name }'.format(name='wang')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyError Traceback (most recent call last)
in ()
----> 1 print '{ name }'.format(name='wang')
KeyError: ' name '
In [3]: print '{ name }'.format(name='wang')