oracle1882,Oracle RAC之OCR和Voting Disks(一)

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About the Voting Disks

The voting disk records node membership information. A node must be able to access more than half the voting disks at any time. To avoid simultaneous loss of multiple voting disks, each voting disk should be on a storage device that does not share any components (controller, interconnect, and so on) with the storage devices used for the other voting disks.

For example, if you have five voting disks configured, then a node must be able to access at least three of the voting disks at any time. If a node cannot access the minimum required number of voting disks, then it is evicted, or removed, from the cluster. After the cause of the failure has been corrected and access to the voting disks has been restored, you can instruct Oracle Clusterware to recover the failed node and restore it to the cluster.https://www.cndba.cn/Breath/article/2325

The number of voting files you can store in a particular Oracle ASM disk group depends upon the redundancy of the disk group.

External redundancy: A disk group with external redundancy can store only one voting disk

Normal redundancy: A disk group with normal redundancy stores three voting disks

High redundancy: A disk group with high redundancy stores five voting disks

A normal redundancy disk group must contain at least two failure groups but if you are storing your voting disks on Oracle ASM, then a normal redundancy disk group must contain at least three failure groups. A high redundancy disk group must contain at least three failure groups. However, Oracle recommends using several failure groups. A small number of failure groups, or failure groups of uneven capacity, can create allocation problems that prevent full use of all of the available storage.https://www.cndba.cn/Breath/article/2325

Notes:

You cannot directly influence the number of voting disks in one disk group.

You cannot use the crsctl add | delete votedisk commands on voting disks stored in Oracle ASM disk groups because Oracle ASM manages the number of voting disks according to the redundancy level of the disk group.

You cannot add a voting disk to a cluster file system if the voting disks are stored in an Oracle ASM disk group. Oracle does not support having voting disks in Oracle ASM and directly on a cluster file system for the same cluster at the same time.

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About Oracle Cluster Registry

Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR) is a file that contains information about the cluster node list and instance-to-node mapping information. OCR also contains information about Oracle Clusterware resource profiles for resources that you have customized. The voting disk data is also backed up in OCR.https://www.cndba.cn/Breath/article/2325

Each node in a cluster also has a local copy of the OCR, called an Oracle Local Registry (OLR), that is created when Oracle Clusterware is installed. Multiple processes on each node have simultaneous read and write access to the OLR particular to the node on which they reside, whether Oracle Clusterware is fully functional. By default, OLR is located at Grid_home/cdata/$HOSTNAME.olrhttps://www.cndba.cn/Breath/article/2325

说明：

①…OCR(Oracle Cluster Registry)是一个文件，包含了集群上所有的节点信息和节点对应的实例信息。如ASM,LISTENER,DATABASE等信息以resource,service形式注册在OCR当中，以便集群进行管理。

②…OCR一般存放于ASM上，可以单独存放于一个diskgroup(建议),也可与数据磁盘组共存。

③…OLR(Oracle Local Registry)是OCR的本地副本，在安装RAC或添加节点时候，自动在节点本地创建的。默认情况下，OLR位于Grid_home/cdata/$HOSTNAME.olr

④…Voting Disk记录节点的成员信息。节点必须能够随时访问超过一半的votingdisk，不然则被集群逐出(脑裂时)。例如，如果配置了五个votingdisk，则节点必须能够随时访问至少三个votingdisk。如果节点不能访问votingdisk的最小所需数目，那么它被逐出

⑤…Voting Disk存放在OCR所在磁盘组当中，随OCR一起备份与还原。

voting Disk存放在ASM磁盘组上时，它的数量是由磁盘组的冗余级别来决定，不能人为定义，最多五个。且创建之后不能crsctl add | delete votedisk去改变数量，只能crsctl replace votedisk 去迁移它到新的磁盘组。

votingdisk与磁盘组冗余级别对应关系：

External —- 一个

Normal —- 三个

High —- 五个

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注意：在创建RAC的过程中，创建OCR磁盘组时，不用去给磁盘组定义failure group，默认即可(每个磁盘创建一个failure group)。因为normal冗余的磁盘组正常只需要两个failur group即可，但是当normal级别的磁盘组用于存放OCR时候，则必须至少包含三个 failure group。https://www.cndba.cn/Breath/article/2325

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OCR VotingDisk