优化器永久统计信息通过把统计信息保存在磁盘上,使得MySQL在选择语句的执行计划时,会选择相对一致的执行计划,提升了SQL执行计划的稳定性。当开启innodb_stats_persistent=ON这个参数时或在建表时带了STATS_PERSISTENT=1参数,优化器的统计信息会永久保存到磁盘上。在之前的版本,每当MySQL服务重启或执行某些特定操作时,优化器的统计信息会被清除。在表下一次被访问时,MySQL会重新收集优化器统计信息,这样会导致统计信息的改变,从而导致MySQL在解析语句时执行计划的改变,进而影响查询性能。优化器永久统计信息保存在mysql.innodb_table_stats和mysql.innodb_index_stats这两张表中。mysql> select @@version;+-----------------+| @@version |+-----------------+| 5.6.31-77.0-log |+-----------------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)mysql> show variables like 'innodb_stats_persistent';+-------------------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+-------------------------+-------+| innodb_stats_persistent | ON |+-------------------------+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> desc mysql.innodb_table_stats;+--------------------------+---------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+--------------------------+---------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+| database_name | varchar(64) | NO | PRI | NULL | || table_name | varchar(64) | NO | PRI | NULL | || last_update | timestamp | NO | | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP || n_rows | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | NULL | || clustered_index_size | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | NULL | || sum_of_other_index_sizes | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | NULL | |+--------------------------+---------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from mysql.innodb_table_stats;+---------------+---------------+---------------------+---------+----------------------+--------------------------+| database_name | table_name | last_update | n_rows | clustered_index_size | sum_of_other_index_sizes |+---------------+---------------+---------------------+---------+----------------------+--------------------------+| fire | t1 | 2016-06-11 23:12:34 | 392945 | 801 | 481 || fire | t2 | 2016-06-11 23:15:12 | 2080004 | 4070 | 2341 || fire | test | 2016-06-09 01:23:06 | 0 | 1 | 0 || mysql | gtid_executed | 2016-06-07 01:28:28 | 0 | 1 | 0 || sys | sys_config | 2016-06-07 01:28:30 | 2 | 1 | 0 |+---------------+---------------+---------------------+---------+----------------------+--------------------------+5 rows in set (0.08 sec)mysql> desc mysql.innodb_index_stats;+------------------+---------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+------------------+---------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+| database_name | varchar(64) | NO | PRI | NULL | || table_name | varchar(64) | NO | PRI | NULL | || index_name | varchar(64) | NO | PRI | NULL | || last_update | timestamp | NO | | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP || stat_name | varchar(64) | NO | PRI | NULL | || stat_value | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | NULL | || sample_size | bigint(20) unsigned | YES | | NULL | || stat_description | varchar(1024) | NO | | NULL | |+------------------+---------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from mysql.innodb_index_stats;+---------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------------------------+| database_name | table_name | index_name | last_update | stat_name | stat_value | sample_size | stat_description |+---------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------------------------+| fire | t1 | GEN_CLUST_INDEX | 2016-06-11 23:12:34 | n_diff_pfx01 | 392945 | 20 | DB_ROW_ID || fire | t1 | GEN_CLUST_INDEX | 2016-06-11 23:12:34 | n_leaf_pages | 763 | NULL | Number of leaf pages in the index || fire | t1 | GEN_CLUST_INDEX | 2016-06-11 23:12:34 | size | 801 | NULL | Number of pages in the index || fire | t1 | idx_t1_a | 2016-06-11 23:12:34 | n_diff_pfx01 | 2 | 4 | a || fire | t1 | idx_t1_a | 2016-06-11 23:12:34 | n_diff_pfx02 | 395866 | 20 | a,DB_ROW_ID || fire | t1 | idx_t1_a | 2016-06-11 23:12:34 | n_leaf_pages | 403 | NULL | Number of leaf pages in the index || fire | t1 | idx_t1_a | 2016-06-11 23:12:34 | size | 481 | NULL | Number of pages in the index || fire | t2 | GEN_CLUST_INDEX | 2016-06-11 23:15:12 | n_diff_pfx01 | 2079570 | 20 | DB_ROW_ID || fire | t2 | GEN_CLUST_INDEX | 2016-06-11 23:15:12 | n_leaf_pages | 4038 | NULL | Number of leaf pages in the index || fire | t2 | GEN_CLUST_INDEX | 2016-06-11 23:15:12 | size | 4070 | NULL | Number of pages in the index || fire | t2 | idx_t2_a | 2016-06-11 23:15:12 | n_diff_pfx01 | 3 | 5 | a || fire | t2 | idx_t2_a | 2016-06-11 23:15:12 | n_diff_pfx02 | 2084334 | 20 | a,DB_ROW_ID || fire | t2 | idx_t2_a | 2016-06-11 23:15:12 | n_leaf_pages | 2122 | NULL | Number of leaf pages in the index || fire | t2 | idx_t2_a | 2016-06-11 23:15:12 | size | 2341 | NULL | Number of pages in the index || fire | test | GEN_CLUST_INDEX | 2016-06-09 01:23:06 | n_diff_pfx01 | 0 | 1 | DB_ROW_ID || fire | test | GEN_CLUST_INDEX | 2016-06-09 01:23:06 | n_leaf_pages | 1 | NULL | Number of leaf pages in the index || fire | test | GEN_CLUST_INDEX | 2016-06-09 01:23:06 | size | 1 | NULL | Number of pages in the index || mysql | gtid_executed | PRIMARY | 2016-06-07 01:28:28 | n_diff_pfx01 | 0 | 1 | source_uuid || mysql | gtid_executed | PRIMARY | 2016-06-07 01:28:28 | n_diff_pfx02 | 0 | 1 | source_uuid,interval_start || mysql | gtid_executed | PRIMARY | 2016-06-07 01:28:28 | n_leaf_pages | 1 | NULL | Number of leaf pages in the index || mysql | gtid_executed | PRIMARY | 2016-06-07 01:28:28 | size | 1 | NULL | Number of pages in the index || sys | sys_config | PRIMARY | 2016-06-07 01:28:30 | n_diff_pfx01 | 2 | 1 | variable || sys | sys_config | PRIMARY | 2016-06-07 01:28:30 | n_leaf_pages | 1 | NULL | Number of leaf pages in the index || sys | sys_config | PRIMARY | 2016-06-07 01:28:30 | size | 1 | NULL | Number of pages in the index |+---------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------------------------+24 rows in set (0.00 sec)--配置优化器永久统计信息的自动收集当表中条目发生改变时(10%以上的行发生改变),innodb_stats_auto_recalc参数决定是否重新收集统计信息。这个参数默认是开启的。可以在CREATE TABLE、ALTER TABLE语句上面添加STATS_AUTO_RECALC选项来开启指定表的统计信息自动收集。统计信息的自动收集是在后台以异步的方式进行的。当对一张表执行了影响表中10%行数的DML操作,在innodb_stats_auto_recalc参数开启的情况下,统计信息可能不会立刻开始重新收集,这个收集可能会延迟几十秒。如果需要最新的统计信息,可以执行ANALYZE TABLE语句,在前台统计收集统计信息。mysql> show variables like 'innodb_stats_auto_recalc';+--------------------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+--------------------------+-------+| innodb_stats_auto_recalc | ON |+--------------------------+-------+1 row in set (0.21 sec)如果innodb_stats_auto_recalc参数没有开启时,在表中索引字段数据发生大的改变时,例如表中被导入大量数据,或表有阶段性的大改变索引字段的DML操作,需要及时执行ANALYZE TABLE语句,来保证优化器统计信息的准确性。当在一张已存在的表上创建索引时,不管是否开启innodb_stats_auto_recalc参数,索引的统计信息会自动收集并保存在innodb_index_stats表中。--配置优化器统计信息Sampled Pages的数量在执行计划中,MySQL查询优化器根据索引的selectivity,使用索引分布统计信息来选择使用的索引。当执行ANALYZE TABLE操作时,InnoDB会对每个索引进行采样来估算cardinality(某字段非重复值的数量),这个技术被称为random dives。可以通过innodb_stats_persistent_sample_pages参数来改变采样使用的页数,这个参数的默认值是20。当发生下面情况时,可以考虑修改这个参数:1、在EXPLAIN输出中,统计信息不准确,优化器选择了非最优的执行计划。可以通过比较SELECT DISTINCT索引字段和mysql.innodb_index_stats表中的索引的cardinality,来查看索引实际的cardinality的准确性。如果统计信息不准确,应该增加innodb_stats_persistent_sample_pages这个参数的值,直到统计信息足够准确为止。如果将这个参数的值增加太大,会导致ANALYZE TABLE操作运行缓慢。2、ANALYZE TABLE操作太慢。这时可以考虑减小innodb_stats_persistent_sample_pages这个参数的值,直到ANALYZE TABLE的执行时间能在一个接受的范围内。然而,将这个参数的值设的太小,可能会导致统计信息的不准确,进而影响执行计划的优劣。3、如果在统计信息的准确性和ANALYZE TABLE执行时间之间不能取得平衡,考虑减少表中索引字段的数量或减少ANALYZE TABLE所分析的分区数量。
mysql 更新统计信息_Mysql自动统计更新
最新推荐文章于 2024-08-11 09:42:01 发布
开启innodb_stats_persistent参数或在建表时设置STATS_PERSISTENT,使得MySQL优化器的统计信息永久保存,增强执行计划一致性。统计信息存储在mysql.innodb_table_stats和mysql.innodb_index_stats表中,保证服务重启后仍能提供稳定的查询性能。当表数据变化10%以上,可通过ANALYZE TABLE手动更新统计信息。
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