python长度转换代码1000m_TypeError：只有长度为1的数组可以转换为Python标量点积

Writing this algorithm for my final year project. Debugged a few, but stuck on this. Tried changing the float method but nothing really changed.

----> 8 hypothesis = np.dot(float(x), theta)

TypeError: only length-1 arrays can be converted to Python scalars

Entire code -

import numpy as np

import random

import pandas as pd

def gradientDescent(x, y, theta, alpha, m, numIterations):

xTrans = x.transpose()

for i in range(0, numIterations):

hypothesis = np.dot(x, theta)

loss = hypothesis - y

# avg cost per example (the 2 in 2*m doesn't really matter here.

# But to be consistent with the gradient, I include it)

cost = np.sum(loss ** 2) / (2 * m)

print("Iteration %d | Cost: %f" % (i, cost))

# avg gradient per example

gradient = np.dot(xTrans, loss) / m

# update

theta = theta - alpha * gradient

return theta

df = pd.read_csv(r'C:\Users\WELCOME\Desktop\FinalYearPaper\ConferencePaper\NewTrain.csv', 'rU', delimiter=",",header=None)

x = df.loc[:,'0':'2'].as_matrix()

y = df[3].as_matrix()

print(x)

print(y)

m, n = np.shape(x)

numIterations= 100

alpha = 0.001

theta = np.ones(n)

theta = gradientDescent(x, y, theta, alpha, m, numIterations)

print(theta)

解决方案

x is a numpy array, which Python's builtin float function can't handle. Try:

hypothesis = np.dot(x.astype(float), theta)