spring mvc _yc

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-28 20:45:49 发布

weixin_39620587

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-28 20:45:49 发布

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文章标签： spring

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39620587/article/details/108480032

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执行原理

在这里插入图片描述

简单程序

先配置web.xml 配置前端解析器DispatchetServlet

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

配置mvc配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
">
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.csc.controller"/><!--扫描注解-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/><!--视图解析器增加前后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

编写controller

package com.csc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class HelloController {

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello()
    {
        System.out.println(5646546);
        return "/succ.jsp";
    }
}

@RequestMapping

建立URL与处理方法之间的对应关系
可以作用在方法和类上
作用在类上为一级路径
作用在方法上为二级路径
属性
path 请求路径
value 请求路径
parpms 指定限制请求路径上参数
method 请求方式 POST GET
例如：

@RequestMapping(path = "/add",params = {"username"},method = {RequestMethod.GET})
    public String addUser(String username,Integer age)
    {
        System.out.println("姓名" + username);
        System.out.println("年龄："+age);
        return "succ";
    }

提交参数中必须含有username,提交类型必须是get

请求参数

普通类型
form表单中name自动与controller方法中的参数名字一直就会自动接收
例如

 <form action="/user/add" METHOD="get">
        姓名：<input type="text" name="username" >
        年龄：<input type="text" name="age">
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>

@RequestMapping(path = "/add",params = {"username"},method = {RequestMethod.GET})
    public String addUser(String username,Integer age)
    {
        System.out.println("姓名" + username);
        System.out.println("年龄："+age);
        return "succ";
    }

form中的username与addUser中参数一致可以接收
绑定到对象类型中

新建对象User 对象中含有引用对象及List集合

public class User implements Serializable {
    private String username;
    private Integer age;
    private Address address;
    private List<Address> list;

form表单填写规则

    <form action="/user/adduser" METHOD="get">
        姓名：<input type="text" name="username" >
        年龄：<input type="text" name="age">
        地址:<input type="text" name="address.country">
        <input type="text" name="address.money">
        地址集合：<input type="text" name="list[0].country">
        <input type="text" name="list[0].money">
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>

引用对象的name使用address.country
list集合使用下标.属性从0开始
3. 查看输出

 @RequestMapping("/adduser")
    public String addUser(User user)
    {
        System.out.println(user);
        return "succ";
    }

User{username='aaa', age=12, address=Address{country='DDDD', money=121.66}, list=[Address{country='EEEEE', money=131.11}]}

解决中文乱码

在web.xml中配置过滤器可以防止表单post方式提交时的中文乱码
get不会产生乱码 tomcat8解决此问题

<filter>
    <!---->
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <!--指定字符集-->
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

@DateTimeFormat日期格式类型转换

表单提交类型转换成Data类型

  @DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-mm-dd")
    private Date birthday;

在这里插入图片描述

提交后会自动转化但是其他格式不会转换默认格式2020/01/01

自定义类型转换器

编写自定义类型转换器

public class StringToDate implements Converter<String, Date> {


    @Override
    public Date convert(String s) {
        if(s!=null)
        {
            SimpleDateFormat ss = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
            Date parse = null;
            try {
                parse = ss.parse(s);
            } catch (ParseException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return parse;
        }
        return  null;
    }
}

编写配置文件

   <bean name="conversionServiceFactoryBean" class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean">
        <property name="converters" >
            <set>
                <!--把自己新建的转换器放到工厂里-->
                <bean class="com.csc.until.StringToDate"></bean>
            </set>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <!--加到注解驱动中-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionServiceFactoryBean"/>

使用转化器

使用servlet原生的API接收参数

  @RequestMapping("/adduser")
    public String addUser1(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
    {
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        return "succ";
    }

@RequestParam

作用在方法参数列表里，作用：当表单提交的name与接收参数名字不一致时可以使用

 @RequestMapping("/addUser2")
    public String addUser2(@RequestParam(value = "name",required = false,defaultValue = "mmyc") String username)
    {

        System.out.println(username);
        return "succ";
    }

value 接收的input里的name放到username里，
required 是否必须，当为true 时如果input没有name会报错，
defaultValue 默认值

@RequestBody

作用在方法参数列表里，作用：接收ajax异步请求，将接收的信息转换成字符串对象，只能接收post请求

    @RequestMapping("/adduser3")
    public String addUser3(@RequestBody String name)
    {
        System.out.println(name);
        return "succ";
    }

@PathVariable

作用在方法参数列表里，作用：restful风格传参接收请求路径里的参数放到方法列表里

  @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String addUset()
    {
        return "succ";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/find",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getAll()
    {
        return "succ";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/find/{id}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getOne(@PathVariable(value ="id") long username)
    {
        System.out.println(id);
        return "succ";
    }

value = “/find/{id}” 路径fing下有下一级即可没必要名字一直 PathVariable取到路径上的id放到参数username中

@RequestHeader @CookieValue

作用在方法参数列表里，作用：用于获取请求头信息，与cookie信息

   @RequestMapping(value = "/find",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getAll(@RequestHeader(value = "Accept ") String str, @CookieValue(value ="JSESSIONID" ) String sessionID)
    {
        System.out.println("str");
        System.out.println(sessionID);
        return "succ";
    }

获取请求头的Accept 与cookie中的Sesion的id
在这里插入图片描述

Controller返回值void

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping("/add")
    public void addUser(User u)
    {
        System.out.println(u);
    }
}

访问addUser方法时，默认返回的是/user/add路径与请求路径一致
可以设置原生的servletAPI进行请求转发

@RequestMapping("/add")
    public void addUser(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response ) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/pages/succ.jsp").forward(request,response);
    }

此处地址得写全路径，InternalResourceViewResolver不能进行加路径操作。

请求转发与重定向

   @RequestMapping("/add1")
    public String addUse1r() {
        return "forward:/pages/succ.jsp";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/add2")
    public String addUse3r() {
        return "redirect:/pages/succ.jsp";
    }

也必须写全路径

@ResponseBody

    @RequestMapping("/save")
    public @ResponseBody User saveUser(@RequestBody  User user)
    {
        System.out.println(user);
        user.setUsername("AAA");
        return user;
    }

文件上传与下载

导入依赖

  <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
      <version>1.4</version>
    </dependency>
     <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
      <version>2.7</version>
    </dependency>

在spring配置文件中配置bean

    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"></bean>

id必须为multipartResolver
编写jsp提交表单

<form action="/user/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
   上传文件 <input type="file" name="multipartFile">
    <input type="submit" value="上传">
</form>

上传代码

   @RequestMapping("/upload")
    public String upload(MultipartFile multipartFile,HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
        //创建上传的位置
        String realPath = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
        File file = new File(realPath);
        if(!file.exists())
        {
            file.mkdir();
        }
        //获取文件名字
        String fileName=multipartFile.getOriginalFilename();
        String replace = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "");
        fileName=replace+fileName;
        //上传文件
        multipartFile.transferTo(new File(file,fileName));
        return "succ";
    }

注意：上传表单中的input里name要与方法中 upload(MultipartFile multipartFile,HttpServletRequest request) 参数名字一直不一致没法接收。也可以使用public @ResponseBody ComResponse fileUpload( @RequestParam(“uploadFile”) MultipartFile uploadFile,HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest) {
起别名接受。

异常处理 HandlerExceptionResolver

java代码需要实现HandlerExceptionResolver并且加注解@Compont交给容器管理

@Component("myExceptionResovler")
public class MyExceptionResovler implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();//控制台打印异常
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("errorMsg",e.getMessage());
        modelAndView.setViewName("error");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

然后出现异常时会自动调用此方法然后跳转到error.jsp页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>${errorMsg}</h3>

</body>

isELIgnored 忽略EL表达式

拦截器 HandlerInterceptor

需要实现HandlerInterceptor
java代码

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("方法执行前");
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("controller方法return之前执行");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("方法执行后");
    }
}

使用配置

<mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/user/interceptor"/><!--拦截地址-->
            <bean id="interceptor" class="com.csc.interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean><!--拦截器-->
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>