assert函数_解决OpenCV中PutText函数中文乱码的问题

前言

把中文字符输出到Mat图片上，英文字符没什么问题，但是OpenCV 的putText函数不能输出中文，会出现乱码。网上普遍的解决方案是使用freetype库来输出中文，结果还是乱码。因此介绍一种方式解决该问题。

一、加载头文件

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <windows.h>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

二、重新putText函数，这边修改为putTextZH

void GetStringSize(HDC hDC, const char* str, int* w, int* h)
{
	SIZE size;
	GetTextExtentPoint32A(hDC, str, strlen(str), &size);
	if (w != 0) *w = size.cx;
	if (h != 0) *h = size.cy;
}

void putTextZH(Mat &dst, const char* str, Point org, Scalar color, int fontSize, const char* fn, bool italic, bool underline)
{
	CV_Assert(dst.data != 0 && (dst.channels() == 1 || dst.channels() == 3));

	int x, y, r, b;
	if (org.x > dst.cols || org.y > dst.rows) return;
	x = org.x < 0 ? -org.x : 0;
	y = org.y < 0 ? -org.y : 0;

	LOGFONTA lf;
	lf.lfHeight = -fontSize;
	lf.lfWidth = 0;
	lf.lfEscapement = 0;
	lf.lfOrientation = 0;
	lf.lfWeight = 5;
	lf.lfItalic = italic;   //斜体
	lf.lfUnderline = underline; //下划线
	lf.lfStrikeOut = 0;
	lf.lfCharSet = DEFAULT_CHARSET;
	lf.lfOutPrecision = 0;
	lf.lfClipPrecision = 0;
	lf.lfQuality = PROOF_QUALITY;
	lf.lfPitchAndFamily = 0;
	strcpy_s(lf.lfFaceName, fn);

	HFONT hf = CreateFontIndirectA(&lf);
	HDC hDC = CreateCompatibleDC(0);
	HFONT hOldFont = (HFONT)SelectObject(hDC, hf);

	int strBaseW = 0, strBaseH = 0;
	int singleRow = 0;
	char buf[1 << 12];
	strcpy_s(buf, str);
	char *bufT[1 << 12];  // 这个用于分隔字符串后剩余的字符，可能会超出。
	//处理多行
	{
		int nnh = 0;
		int cw, ch;

		const char* ln = strtok_s(buf, "n", bufT);
		while (ln != 0)
		{
			GetStringSize(hDC, ln, &cw, &ch);
			strBaseW = max(strBaseW, cw);
			strBaseH = max(strBaseH, ch);

			ln = strtok_s(0, "n", bufT);
			nnh++;
		}
		singleRow = strBaseH;
		strBaseH *= nnh;
	}

	if (org.x + strBaseW < 0 || org.y + strBaseH < 0)
	{
		SelectObject(hDC, hOldFont);
		DeleteObject(hf);
		DeleteObject(hDC);
		return;
	}

	r = org.x + strBaseW > dst.cols ? dst.cols - org.x - 1 : strBaseW - 1;
	b = org.y + strBaseH > dst.rows ? dst.rows - org.y - 1 : strBaseH - 1;
	org.x = org.x < 0 ? 0 : org.x;
	org.y = org.y < 0 ? 0 : org.y;

	BITMAPINFO bmp = { 0 };
	BITMAPINFOHEADER& bih = bmp.bmiHeader;
	int strDrawLineStep = strBaseW * 3 % 4 == 0 ? strBaseW * 3 : (strBaseW * 3 + 4 - ((strBaseW * 3) % 4));

	bih.biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
	bih.biWidth = strBaseW;
	bih.biHeight = strBaseH;
	bih.biPlanes = 1;
	bih.biBitCount = 24;
	bih.biCompression = BI_RGB;
	bih.biSizeImage = strBaseH * strDrawLineStep;
	bih.biClrUsed = 0;
	bih.biClrImportant = 0;

	void* pDibData = 0;
	HBITMAP hBmp = CreateDIBSection(hDC, &bmp, DIB_RGB_COLORS, &pDibData, 0, 0);

	CV_Assert(pDibData != 0);
	HBITMAP hOldBmp = (HBITMAP)SelectObject(hDC, hBmp);

	//color.val[2], color.val[1], color.val[0]
	SetTextColor(hDC, RGB(255, 255, 255));
	SetBkColor(hDC, 0);
	//SetStretchBltMode(hDC, COLORONCOLOR);

	strcpy_s(buf, str);
	const char* ln = strtok_s(buf, "n", bufT);
	int outTextY = 0;
	while (ln != 0)
	{
		TextOutA(hDC, 0, outTextY, ln, strlen(ln));
		outTextY += singleRow;
		ln = strtok_s(0, "n", bufT);
	}
	uchar* dstData = (uchar*)dst.data;
	int dstStep = dst.step / sizeof(dstData[0]);
	unsigned char* pImg = (unsigned char*)dst.data + org.x * dst.channels() + org.y * dstStep;
	unsigned char* pStr = (unsigned char*)pDibData + x * 3;
	for (int tty = y; tty <= b; ++tty)
	{
		unsigned char* subImg = pImg + (tty - y) * dstStep;
		unsigned char* subStr = pStr + (strBaseH - tty - 1) * strDrawLineStep;
		for (int ttx = x; ttx <= r; ++ttx)
		{
			for (int n = 0; n < dst.channels(); ++n){
				double vtxt = subStr[n] / 255.0;
				int cvv = vtxt * color.val[n] + (1 - vtxt) * subImg[n];
				subImg[n] = cvv > 255 ? 255 : (cvv < 0 ? 0 : cvv);
			}

			subStr += 3;
			subImg += dst.channels();
		}
	}

	SelectObject(hDC, hOldBmp);
	SelectObject(hDC, hOldFont);
	DeleteObject(hf);
	DeleteObject(hBmp);
	DeleteDC(hDC);
}

三、中文计数问题

如果使用char * str = "ABCDE你好啊"，用strlen(str)得到的结果不是8，而是11，因为英文占一个字节，中文占两个字节。所以可以使用wchar_t* str = "ABCDE你好啊",用wcslen(str)，此时得到的是8。

四、wchar_t* 转为char *类型，因为putTextZH用的是char *类型。

//将宽字节wchar_t*转化为单字节char*  
char* UnicodeToAnsi(wchar_t* szStr)
{
	int nLen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, szStr, 1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
	if (nLen == 0)
	{
		return NULL;
	}
	char* pResult = new char[nLen+1];
	WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, szStr, nLen, pResult, nLen, NULL, NULL);
        pResult[nLen] = '0';
	return pResult;
}

五、测试putTextZH输出中文到Mat的代码,这边测试一个简单实例，自定义一个大小的图片，在图片内自动适应文字的大小，把文字输出到图片上。

//字符自动换行算法，支持中文，自动适应字符大小
Mat wordNewLine(int input_width, int input_height, wchar_t* input_string)
{
	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "chs");
	Mat dst(cv::Size(input_width, input_height), CV_8UC1, Scalar(255));

	int strlength = wcslen(input_string);
	int lineWidth = sqrt(strlength) + 1;

	int split_cols, split_rows;
	if (input_width >= input_height)
	{
		split_cols = lineWidth;
		split_rows = ceil(strlength * 1.0 / split_cols);
	}
	else
	{
		split_rows = lineWidth;
		split_cols = ceil(strlength * 1.0 / split_rows);
	}

	int character_w = input_width / split_cols;
	int character_h = input_height / split_rows;

	vector<int> center_x, center_y;
	for (int i = 1; i <= split_rows*split_cols; i++)
	{
		int x_i = i%split_cols;
		int x_j = i%split_rows;
		if (x_i == 0)
			x_i = split_cols;
		if (x_j == 0)
			x_j = split_rows;
		center_x.push_back((character_w * x_i) - character_w / 2);
		center_y.push_back((character_h * x_j) - character_h / 2);
	}
	sort(center_y.begin(), center_y.end());
	for (int i = 0; i < strlength; i++)
	{
		wchar_t str_single = input_string[i];
		char * single_char = UnicodeToAnsi(&str_single);
		int fontSize = character_w < character_h ? character_w : character_h;
		putTextZH(dst, single_char, cv::Point(center_x.at(i) - (fontSize * 72 / 96) / 2, center_y.at(i) - (fontSize * 72 / 96) / 2), Scalar(0), fontSize * 72 / 96, "宋体", false, false);
	}
	return dst;
}


int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	int input_width = 1000;
	int input_height = 1000;
	wchar_t* input_string = L"字符自动换行算法测试结果ABCDEFG123456";
	Mat dst = wordNewLine(input_width, input_height, input_string);
	imwrite("./result.bmp", dst);
	imshow("result", dst);
	cvWaitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

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