requests payload_python+Requests接口自动化测试之传递 URL 参数

Requests传递 URL 参数：

你也许经常想为 URL 的查询字符串(query string)传递某种数据。如果你是手工构建 URL，那么数据会以键/值对的形式置于 URL 中，跟在一个问号的后面。例如，http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php?key=val。

Requests 允许你使用 params 关键字参数，以一个字符串字典来提供这些参数。举例来说，如果你想传递 key1=value1 和 key2=value2 到http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php，那么你可以使用如下代码：

1. >>> payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
2. >>> r = requests.get(" http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php", params=payload)

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实战操作一下吧：

1. >>>payload = {'mod': 'forum', 'searchid': '8', 'orderby': 'lastpost', 'ascdesc': 'desc', 'searchsubmit': 'yes', 'kw': '接口自动化'}
2. >>>r = requests.get(" http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php", params=payload)

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通过打印输出该 URL，你能看到 URL 已被正确编码：

1. >>> print(r.url)
2. http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php?mod=forum&searchid=8&orderby=lastpost&ascdesc=desc&searchsubmit=yes&kw=%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96

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注意字典里值为 None 的键都不会被添加到 URL 的查询字符串里。

1. >>>payload = {'mod': 'forum', 'searchid': '8', 'orderby': 'lastpost', 'ascdesc': 'desc', 'searchsubmit': 'yes', 'kw': None}
2. >>> r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', params=payload)
3. >>> print(r.url)
4. http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php?mod=forum&searchid=8&orderby=lastpost&ascdesc=desc&searchsubmit=yes

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你还可以将一个列表作为值传入：

1. >>> payload = {'mod': 'forum', 'searchid': '8', 'orderby': 'lastpost', 'ascdesc': 'desc', 'searchsubmit': 'yes', 'kw': ['接口','自动化']}
2. >>> r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', params=payload)
3. >>> print(r.url)
4. http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php?mod=forum&searchid=8&orderby=lastpost&ascdesc=desc&searchsubmit=yes&kw=%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3&kw=%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96

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完整代码如下：

1. import requests
3. payload = {'mod': 'forum', 'searchid': '8', 'orderby': 'lastpost', 'ascdesc': 'desc', 'searchsubmit': 'yes', 'kw': '接口自动化'}
4. result = requests.get(" http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php", params=payload)
5. print(result.url)
7. payload = {'mod': 'forum', 'searchid': '8', 'orderby': 'lastpost', 'ascdesc': 'desc', 'searchsubmit': 'yes', 'kw': None}
8. result = requests.get(" http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php", params=payload)
9. print(result.url)
11. payload = {'mod': 'forum', 'searchid': '8', 'orderby': 'lastpost', 'ascdesc': 'desc', 'searchsubmit': 'yes', 'kw': ['接口','自动化']}
12. result = requests.get(" http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php", params=payload)
13. print(result.url)

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对应结果如下：

1. http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/search.php?mod=forum&searchid=8&orderby=lastpost&ascdesc=desc&searchsubmit=yes&kw=%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96
2. http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/s ... sc&searchsubmit=yes
3. http://www.bcbxhome.com/bcbxxy/s ... A%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96

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有没有疑问为啥kw后面的汉字变成了%+英文+数字？

这个叫url编码，这里就不展开细讲了可以去这里尝试一下http://www.jsons.cn/urlencode/